Cardiac, renal and uterine hemodynamics changes throughout pregnancy in rats with a prolonged high fat diet from an early age

Abstract

Objective To examine whether the cardiac, renal and uterine physiological hemodynamic changes during gestation are altered in rats with an early and prolonged exposure to a high fat diet (HFD). Methods Arterial pressure and cardiac, renal, uterine and radial arteries hemodynamic changes during gestation were examined in adult SD rats exposed to normal (13%) (n = 8) or high (60%) (n = 8) fat diets from weaning. Plethysmography, high-resolution high-frequency ultrasonography and clearance of an inulin analog were used to evaluate the arterial pressure and hemodynamic changes before and at days 7, 14 and 19 of gestation. Results Arterial pressure was higher (P<0.05) in rats with high than in those with normal (NFD) fat diet before pregnancy (123 ±3 and 110 ±3 mmHg, respectively) and only decreased at day 14 of gestation in rats with NFD (98±4 mmHg, P<0.05). A significant increment in stroke volume (42 ±10%) and cardiac output (51 ±12%) was found at day 19 of pregnancy in rats with NFD. The changes in stroke volume and cardiac output were similar in rats with NFD and HFD. When compared to the values obtained before pregnancy, a transitory elevation in renal blood flow was found at day 14 of pregnancy in both groups. However, glomerular filtration rate only increased (P<0.05) in rats with NFD at days 14 (20 ±7%) and 19 (27 ±8%) of gestation. The significant elevations of mean velocity, and velocity time integral throughout gestation in radial (127 ±26% and 111 ±23%, respectively) and uterine (91 ±16% and 111 ±25%, respectively) arteries of rats with NFD were not found in rats with an early and prolonged HFD.

SGLT2 inhibition potentiates the cardiovascular, renal, and metabolic effects of sGC stimulation in hypertensive rats with prolonged exposure to high-fat diet

“…Body weight and food intake were recorded weekly from 12 wk to the end of the study. Arterial pressure, stroke volume (SV), heart rate (HR), and renal blood flow (RBF) were measured at weeks 12 , 14 , 16 , and 18 of age in isoflurane anesthetized rats ( 23 ). Cardiac output (CO) values were calculated from SV and HR.…”

“…Ultrasound measurements were performed, as previously described ( 23 ), in isoflurane anesthetized rats on a heated platform to maintain rectal temperature at 37°C. SV, HR, and RBF were evaluated using a high-resolution micro-ultrasound system (Vevo 3100, VisualSonics, Toronto, Canada) and two transducers: MX250 (axial resolution: 50 µm; frequency: 25 MHz) and MX400 (axial resolution: 75 µm; frequency: 40 MHz).…”

“…Blood flow was measured in the left kidney using 40-MHz probe. B-mode was activated to visualize the renal artery and its diameter measured tracing a line between the internal opposite sides of the arterial wall in frozen images ( 23 ). Five measurements were obtained in each image to get the arterial diameter.…”

High fat diets induce early changes in gut microbiota that may serve as markers of ulterior altered physiological and biochemical parameters related to metabolic syndrome. Effect of virgin olive oil in comparison to butter

“…Six weeks later, as indicated above [19], this scenario would be much more dramatic, and the BT group will show higher values, being significantly different from the SD diet as well. In this sense it is well known how damage inflicted by high fat diets is cumulative with time, including developing high blood pressure [23][24][25]. No other difference was detected at a physiological level, in contrast again with the results reported at 12 weeks, when the butter-fed group displayed significant higher values not only on blood pressure but also on body weight, among other hormonal and biochemical variables measured once the animal was sacrificed, like insulin, plasma triglycerides or total cholesterol [19].…”