Cardiac rehabilitation – Past to Present

Abstract

Cardiac rehabilitation and secondary prevention can promote recovery, reduce coronary events and improve quality of life in many people with heart disease. Traditionally provided for people with coronary heart disease, there is scope to have provision for a range of people, both young and old, and including those with heart failure, valve disease or with an internal cardiac defibrillator. At its best, cardiac rehabilitation spans the whole pathway of care, beginning before admission to hospital and continuing long after, with ongoing management of lifestyle changes. Guidelines are available based on best evidence, and programmes focus on the whole person and address physical, psychological and social well-being. They incorporate health education, risk factor modification, social support and exercise. Programmes can be run in the community, home or hospital. To ensure effective cardiac rehabilitation for each patient, members of the multi-disciplinary team are challenged to work together to meet the individual needs of patients and their family. The standard of care should be monitored through audit so that improvements can be made.

Cost-effectiveness analysis for a tele-based health coaching program for chronic disease in primary care

“…Most CAD patients were recruited for health coaching a few months after an acute percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty operation. Motivation to lifestyle changes and self-management are high after an acute cardiovascular attack [ 27 ]. The proximity of this severe incident may have activated the CAD patients in their self-care and healthcare service use and therefore fortified the effect of the intervention on the QoL increased cost in this group.…”

In Sickness and in Health: a Literature Review about Function of Social Support within Anxiety and Heart Disease Association

“…Evidence suggests that cardiac rehabilitation and effective secondary intervention can reduce coronary events and improve quality of life [126], causing beneficial effects in the following domains: mortality, exercise tolerance, functional capacity, lipid levels, blood pressure, symptoms of angina and dyspnea, weight loss, smoking behavior, stress level and psychosocial functioning [129, 130]. Considering the great importance of psychological factor, such as anxiety and social support, an effective cardiac rehabilitation (CR) might then include psychological interventions.…”

“…Cardiac rehabilitation is an evidence-based practice that includes secondary prevention measures involving the modification of lifestyle behaviors and drug intervention to minimize the risk of further cardiac events and to improve symptoms in patients suffering with cardiac disease [ 126 - 128 ]. Evidence suggests that cardiac rehabilitation and effective secondary intervention can reduce coronary events and improve quality of life [ 126 ], causing beneficial effects in the following domains: mortality, exercise tolerance, functional capacity, lipid levels, blood pressure, symptoms of angina and dyspnea, weight loss, smoking behavior, stress level and psychosocial functioning [ 129 , 130 ]. Considering the great importance of psychological factor, such as anxiety and social support, an effective cardiac rehabilitation (CR) might then include psychological interventions.…”

Factors Influencing Outpatient Cardiac Rehabilitation Attendance

“…Cardiac rehabilitation (CR) is an important secondary prevention treatment that assists and guides patients in developing healthier lifestyles after a cardiac event and has been shown to prevent future coronary events (Evans, Probert, & Shuldham, 2009). CR is an effective way of reducing disability and prolonging survival in patients with CVD (Leon et al, 2005).…”