Cardiac rehabilitation in patients with cardiovascular disease leads various hemodynamic parameters obtained using simple non-invasive tests to their appropriate levels

Abstract

We evaluated whether comprehensive cardiac rehabilitation (CR) in patients with cardiovascular disease (CVD) could improve various hemodynamic parameters obtained using simple non-invasive tests. We analyzed 48 CVD patients with (n = 38, CR group) or without (n = 10, non-CR group) a CR program, and prospectively followed them for 12 months. Various parameters were measured at baseline and after 12 months using 3 simple non-invasive tests: blood pressure (BP) and severity of atherosclerosis [arterial velocity pulse index (AVI) and atrial pressure volume index] were determined using PASESA®, an index of total autonomic nerve activity and a coefficient of variation of the R-R interval (CVRR) were determined using eHEART®, and the total peripheral resistance, stroke volume and cardiac index (CI) were determined using nico®. The main hemodynamic parameters did not change between baseline and 12 months in both groups. Patients in the CR group were divided into higher (H-) and lower (L-) systolic BP (SBP) or AVI according to the average value of SBP or AVI at baseline in the CR group. Patients with H-SBP or H-AVI in the CR group showed a significant reduction of SBP or AVI at 12 months. In addition, patients in the CR group were divided into H- and L- CI or CVRR according to the average value of CI or CVRR at baseline in the CR group. Patients with L-CI or L-CVRR in the CR group significantly improved after 12 months. In conclusion, CR may lead various hemodynamic parameters obtained using simple non-invasive tests to their appropriate levels.

Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing and Impedance Cardiography in The Assessment of Exercise Capacity of Patients with Coronary Artery Disease

“…A relationship between low exercise capacity and the absence of SV increase during the nal phase of the exercise test, as well as between low exercise capacity and low absolute SV values at peak exercise, have been reported in nonathletic adults [21] and in patients with hypertension [12], diastolic left ventricular dysfunction [22] and HF [11,20]. Moreover, a number of authors have emphasized the association between regular physical exercise and SV improvement [23,24,25].…”

Cardiopulmonary exercise testing and impedance cardiography in the assessment of exercise capacity of patients with coronary artery disease early after myocardial revascularization

“…A relationship between low exercise capacity and the absence of SV increase during the final phase of the exercise test, as well as between low exercise capacity and low absolute SV values at peak exercise, have been reported in nonathletic adults [ 23 ] and in patients with hypertension [ 13 ], diastolic left ventricular dysfunction [ 24 ] and HF [ 12 , 21 ]. Moreover, a number of authors have emphasized the association between regular physical exercise and SV improvement [ 25 – 27 ].…”

Difference in Prognosis between Continuation and Discontinuation of A 5-Month Cardiac Rehabilitation Program in Outpatients with Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction

“…We have studied CR for more than eight years and reported some beneficial effects in patients with cardiovascular diseases (CVD) [12][13][14][15][16][17]. We previously reported that a CR program significantly reduced blood pressure (BP) and visit-to-visit variability in BP, and patients with mild to moderate chronic kidney disease (CKD) who participated in our CR program showed an increase in their estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) [14,15].…”