Cardiac regulation and depression

Lahmeyer, Henry W.; Bellur, Srinath N.

doi:10.1016/0022-3956(87)90004-5

Cited by 69 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Various studies suggest that depression may influence the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases by inducing changes in the autonomic regulation [35,36]. Patients with depression exhibit increased heart rate and sympathetic nervous system activity, as well as baroreflex alterations [37,38]. It was suggested that olfactory bulbectomy exerts a strong influence not only on emotions but also on the central control of blood pressure, likely through the amygdala [2].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Short-term Effects of Endothelins on Tyrosine Hydroxylase Activity and Expression in the Olfactory Bulb of Normotensive Rats

et al. 2008

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The olfactory system in rats is part of the limbic region with extensive afferent connections with brain areas involved in the regulation of behaviour and autonomic responses. The existence of the endothelin system and catecholaminergic neurons in the olfactory bulb suggests that endothelins may modulate noradrenergic transmission and diverse olfactory mediated processes. In the present work we studied the effect of endothelin-1 and -3 on neuronal norepinephrine release and the short-term regulation of tyrosine hydroxylase in the olfactory bulb. Results showed that both endothelins increased tyrosine hydroxylase activity through the activation of a non-conventional endothelin G-protein coupled receptor, coupled to the stimulation of protein kinase A and C, as well as Ca(2+)/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II. On the other hand, neither endothelin-1 nor endothelin-3 modified tyrosine hydroxylase total protein levels, but both peptides increased the phosphorylation of serine residues of the enzyme at sites 19 and 40. Furthermore, endothelins enhanced norepinephrine release in olfactory neurons suggesting that this event may contribute to increased tyrosine hydroxylase activity by reducing the feedback inhibition. Taken together present findings show a clear interaction between the endothelin system, and the catecholaminergic transmission in the olfactory bulb. Additional studies are required to evaluate the physiological functions regulated by endothelins at this brain level.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Short-term Effects of Endothelins on Tyrosine Hydroxylase Activity and Expression in the Olfactory Bulb of Normotensive Rats

et al. 2008

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“…Most of these studies have found higher heart rates in depressed patients than in nondepressed controls (33,(35)(36)(37)41,42), consistent with altered cardiac ANS function. Elevated resting heart rate is a risk factor for sudden cardiac death, even in the general population (43)(44)(45).…”

Section: Heart Rate and Heart Rate Variabilitymentioning

confidence: 91%

Depression, the Autonomic Nervous System, and Coronary Heart Disease

Carney

Freedland²,

Veith

2005

Psychosomatic Medicine

503

350

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Depression is a risk factor for medical morbidity and mortality in patients with coronary heart disease (CHD). Dysregulation of the autonomic nervous system (ANS) may explain why depressed patients are at increased risk. Studies of medically well, depressed psychiatric patients have found elevated levels of plasma catecholamines and other markers of altered ANS function compared with controls. Studies of depressed patients with CHD have also uncovered evidence of ANS dysfunction, including elevated heart rate, low heart rate variability, exaggerated heart rate responses to physical stressors, high variability in ventricular repolarization, and low baroreceptor sensitivity. All of these indicators of ANS dysfunction have been associated with increased risks of mortality and cardiac morbidity in patients with CHD. Further research is needed to determine whether ANS dysfunction mediates the effects of depression on the course and outcome of CHD, and to develop clinical interventions that improve cardiovascular autonomic regulation while relieving depression in patients with CHD.

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“…Elevated heart rates have been observed in depressed subjects throughout the 24-hour period [17]. Significant reductions in the day/night difference in heart rate have been reported [19] and a normalization of this difference has been reported following successful treatment [20].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Compared to control subjects, individuals with depression have significantly elevated heart rates throughout the 24-hour period [17]. In one study, subjects with major depression and an identifiable HRCR showed no phase advance, defined as an increase in HR that occurred earlier in the morning than in nondepressed controls [18].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Self-Organizing Neural Network Analyses of Cardiac Data in Depression

et al. 2004

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Objective: To determine if an unsupervised self-organizing neural network could create a clinically meaningful distinction of ‘depression’ versus ‘no depression’ based on cardiac time-series data. Design: A self-organizing map (SOM) was used to separate the time-series of 84 subjects into groups based on characteristics of the data alone. Materials and Methods: Analyses included natural log transformations and two types of filtering to enhance characteristics of the data as well as classifications of unprocessed data. A Pearson χ² analysis was performed to determine if the SOM groups bore any relation to the binary clinical groups. Results: Overall correct SOM classifications ranged from 54 to 70.2% with two classifications being clinically meaningful. Conclusions: SOM classifications of cardiac time-series data with enhanced ultradian variations and cardiac data recorded around the interval when a person was in bed were useful in differentiating clinically meaningful subgroups with and without depression.

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Cardiac regulation and depression

Cited by 69 publications

References 12 publications

Short-term Effects of Endothelins on Tyrosine Hydroxylase Activity and Expression in the Olfactory Bulb of Normotensive Rats

Short-term Effects of Endothelins on Tyrosine Hydroxylase Activity and Expression in the Olfactory Bulb of Normotensive Rats

Depression, the Autonomic Nervous System, and Coronary Heart Disease

Self-Organizing Neural Network Analyses of Cardiac Data in Depression

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