Abstract:Background
Mucormycosis is an invasive fungal infection (IFI) most commonly seen in immunocompromised patients. Diabetic ketoacidosis, haematopoietic transplantation, iron overload states, and deferoxamine therapy are considered to be some of the classical risk factors. While cutaneous and rhino-sinusoidal forms may be seen in immunocompetent (IC) individuals, cardiac and mediastinal involvement is rare. In this report, we describe a young patient without predisposing factors who presented as… Show more
“…ROCM mucormycosis is the commonest form (45–74%), followed by cutaneous (10–31%), pulmonary (3–22%), renal (0.5–9%), gastrointestinal (2–8%), and disseminated infections (0.5–9%). Other unusual sites of infection reported in the literature from India are breast [ 44 ], ear [ 5 ], spine [ 45 , 46 ], heart [ 47 , 48 ], and bone infections [ 49 , 50 ]. Figure 2 describes the underlying disease and risk factors associated with clinical forms of mucormycosis.…”
Mucormycosis is an angioinvasive disease caused by saprophytic fungi of the order Mucorales. The exact incidence of mucormycosis in India is unknown due to the lack of population-based studies. The estimated prevalence of mucormycosis is around 70 times higher in India than that in global data. Diabetes mellitus is the most common risk factor, followed by haematological malignancy and solid-organ transplant. Patients with postpulmonary tuberculosis and chronic kidney disease are at additional risk of developing mucormycosis in this country. Trauma is a risk factor for cutaneous mucormycosis. Isolated renal mucormycosis in an immunocompetent host is a unique entity in India. Though Rhizopus arrhizus is the most common etiological agent of mucormycosis in this country, infections due to Rhizopus microsporus, Rhizopus homothallicus, and Apophysomyces variabilis are rising. Occasionally, Saksenaea erythrospora, Mucor irregularis, and Thamnostylum lucknowense are isolated. Though awareness of the disease has increased among treating physicians, disease-associated morbidity and mortality are still high, as patients seek medical attention late in the disease process and given the low affordability for therapy. In conclusion, the rise in the number of cases, the emergence of new risk factors and causative agents, and the challenges in managing the disease are important concerns with mucormycosis in India.
“…ROCM mucormycosis is the commonest form (45–74%), followed by cutaneous (10–31%), pulmonary (3–22%), renal (0.5–9%), gastrointestinal (2–8%), and disseminated infections (0.5–9%). Other unusual sites of infection reported in the literature from India are breast [ 44 ], ear [ 5 ], spine [ 45 , 46 ], heart [ 47 , 48 ], and bone infections [ 49 , 50 ]. Figure 2 describes the underlying disease and risk factors associated with clinical forms of mucormycosis.…”
Mucormycosis is an angioinvasive disease caused by saprophytic fungi of the order Mucorales. The exact incidence of mucormycosis in India is unknown due to the lack of population-based studies. The estimated prevalence of mucormycosis is around 70 times higher in India than that in global data. Diabetes mellitus is the most common risk factor, followed by haematological malignancy and solid-organ transplant. Patients with postpulmonary tuberculosis and chronic kidney disease are at additional risk of developing mucormycosis in this country. Trauma is a risk factor for cutaneous mucormycosis. Isolated renal mucormycosis in an immunocompetent host is a unique entity in India. Though Rhizopus arrhizus is the most common etiological agent of mucormycosis in this country, infections due to Rhizopus microsporus, Rhizopus homothallicus, and Apophysomyces variabilis are rising. Occasionally, Saksenaea erythrospora, Mucor irregularis, and Thamnostylum lucknowense are isolated. Though awareness of the disease has increased among treating physicians, disease-associated morbidity and mortality are still high, as patients seek medical attention late in the disease process and given the low affordability for therapy. In conclusion, the rise in the number of cases, the emergence of new risk factors and causative agents, and the challenges in managing the disease are important concerns with mucormycosis in India.
“…Mucormycosis is an IFI ordinarily seen in individuals with underlying predisposing risk factors including DM and hematological malignancies. Disseminated forms are usually seen in individuals with such risk factors, although rhino-sinusoidal and cutaneous forms may occur in all individuals [113].…”
In the recent years, the epidemiology of invasive fungal infections (IFIs) has changed worldwide. This is remarkably noticed with the significant increase in high-risk populations. Although surveillance of such infections is essential, data in the Middle Eastern and North African (MENA) region remain scarce. In this paper, we reviewed the existing data on the epidemiology of different IFIs in the MENA region. Epidemiological surveillance is crucial to guide optimal healthcare practices. This study can help to guide appropriate interventions and to implement antimicrobial stewardship and infection prevention and control programs in countries.
“…Rhino-orbital-cerebral mucormycosis (ROCM) is involved in 50% of the infections, 18% infections are cutaneous, pulmonary mucormycosis contributes to 8% of the cases, 4% cases are related with gastrointestinal mucormycosis, disseminated infections are usually 3%, while 2% are renal infections (Jeong et al, n.d.; Prakash and Chakrabarti, 2021 ). Breast ( Kataria et al, 2016 ), ear ( Prakash et al, 2019 ), spine ( Hadgaonkar et al, 2015 , Shah and Nene, 2017 ), heart ( Bharadwaj et al, 2017 , Krishnappa et al, 2019 ), and bone infections ( Bhatt et al, 2018 , Urs et al, 2016 ) are some of the other less frequent sites of infection reported in India ( Prakash and Chakrabarti, 2021 ). Fig.…”
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
