Cardiac implantable electronic devices (CIEDs) and allergy

Abstract

Thousands of implantable pacemakers (PMs) and implantable cardioverter defibrillators, which are referred to as cardiac implantable electronic devices (CIEDs), are implanted in the world each year. PMs provide life-saving therapy for the treatment of bradyarrhythmias; defibrillators also provide treatment for ventricular tachyarrhythmias and sudden arrhythmic death. The prevalence and incidence of PMs implantation are unknown in many countries but there is continued growth due to increased life expectancy and an increasing aging population. However, there is great variability between richer and developing countries. In Europe, there are countries such as France, Italy, and Sweden in which the rate of PMs implantation is >1000 implants per million people, whereas others, such as Azerbaijan, Bosnia and Herzegovina, and Kyrgyzstan, with <25 PM implants per million people. Currently, the estimated number of patients undergoing PM implantation globally is 1 million devices per year. 1 Regarding the number of ICD implantations, clinical research conducted by the European Heart Rhythm Association in the European Society of Cardiology countries reports that the average number of ICD implantations per million inhabitants in 2015 was 102. The European country with the highest number of implantations was Germany with 358 per million population, followed by San Marino −242-and Italy −238-, whereas the lowest implantation rate was in Ukraine with only one per million population. 2 | Implant complicationsDevice implantation surgery is associated with a risk of complications, especially in the perioperative phase, although a considerable risk remains even in the long term. The most common ones are device infection, lead dislocation and malposition, surgical wound hematoma, and pneumothorax. 1 In the MOST study, complication

Contact allergy to subcutaneous implantable cardioverter defibrillator in a child with Brugada syndrome

“…Allergic reactions to components of cardiac implantable electronic devices (CIEDs) are rare and often go undiagnosed, leading to a potential misdiagnosis of device infection. [4][5][6][7][8] Allergies can arise from contact hypersensitization to various device components, such as titanium, nickel, silicone, polyurethane, and cobalt. The implantation of a covered device with hypoallergenic materials may serve as an alternative option for patients experiencing such reactions.…”

“…The implantation of a covered device with hypoallergenic materials may serve as an alternative option for patients experiencing such reactions. [4][5][6][7][8] Contact allergy to S-ICD is extremely rare. 4 In literature, only one case of contact reaction has been published in a young adult patient with a S-ICD.…”