Cardiac Hepatopathy

Fortea, José Ignacio; Puente, Ángela; Cuadrado, Antonio; Huelín, Patrícia; García, Inés; Mayorga, Marta; Pellón, Raúl; Crespo, Javier; Fábrega, Emilio

doi:10.5772/intechopen.89177

Cited by 3 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 98 publications

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“…Researchers propose that the mechanism behind this phenomenon is due to the activation of hepatic stellate cells via stimulation of protease-activated receptors. 15,16 Altogether, the impairment of hepatic arterial blood flow in combination with limited oxygen diffusion causes hepatocyte ischemia in HF. 16 Chronic hepatic ischemia causes inflammation and cell death that will eventually lead to fibrosis, and possibly cirrhosis.…”

Section: Congestive Hepatopathymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…49,50 While angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors have a role in the treatment of symptomatic HF, they are contraindicated in patients with decompensated cirrhosis due to the consequences of their vasodilatory effect on systemic hypotension. 15,45 A detailed discussion regarding the management of ascites can be found in Section III A5 (Management of Complications). 50 Cardiac transplantation is another means of therapy for CH and will be discussed in the second part of this review.…”

Section: Managementmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Sinusoids are highly permeable and in the setting of hypoxia favor oxygen diffusion into hepatocytes. 15 It is believed that oxygen extraction can be increased by almost 90%. 15 Henrion et al 54 suggested that cardiogenic shock might not be the sole inciting factor in the development of ACLI or "shock liver."…”

Section: Pathophysiology and Presentationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…15 It is believed that oxygen extraction can be increased by almost 90%. 15 Henrion et al 54 suggested that cardiogenic shock might not be the sole inciting factor in the development of ACLI or "shock liver." Researchers examined 142 episodes of hypoxic hepatitis over a 10-year period at an intensive care unit and found that patients with chronic congestion may be vulnerable to ischemic hepatitis after even slight alterations in the hemodynamics.…”

Section: Pathophysiology and Presentationmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Part 1: Disease of the Heart and Liver

Scalzo

Canastar²,

Lebovics³

2020

Cardiology in Review

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The heart and the liver display multifaceted, complex interactions that can be divided into cardiac effects of liver disease, hepatic effects of heart disease, and disease processes affecting both organs. In part 1 of this 2 part series, we discuss how acute and chronic heart failure can have devastating effects on the liver, such as acute cardiogenic liver injury and congestive hepatopathy. On the other hand, primary liver disease, such as cirrhosis, can lead to a plethora of cardiac insults representative in cirrhotic cardiomyopathy as systolic dysfunction, diastolic dysfunction, and electrophysiological disturbances. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease has long been associated with cardiovascular events that increase mortality. The management of both disease processes changes when the other organ system becomes involved. This consideration is important with regard to a variety of interventions, most notably transplantation of either organ, as risk of complications dramatically rises in the setting of both heart and liver disease (discussed in part 2). As our understanding of the intricate communication between the heart and liver continues to expand so does our management.

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Section: Congestive Hepatopathymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Managementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Pathophysiology and Presentationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Pathophysiology and Presentationmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Part 1: Disease of the Heart and Liver

Scalzo

Canastar²,

Lebovics³

2020

Cardiology in Review

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“…Moreover, Louie et al 21 reported no significant difference in posttransplant mortality or in liver failure between patients with or without bridging liver fibrosis. 21,22 This has inspired researchers to create an ever increasing number of available noninvasive tests with which to detect fibrosis. These noninvasive tests can be broadly sorted into 2 main categories: serum markers and radiographic imaging.…”

Section: Heart Transplantationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Part 2: Disease of the Heart and Liver: A Relationship That Cuts Both Ways

Scalzo

Canastar

Lebovics

2020

Cardiology in Review

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Diseases known to affect both the heart and liver include a variety of infectious, autoimmune, and metabolic disorders, as well as toxins: most commonly alcohol. As damage to both the heart and liver progresses, transplantation is a reasonable therapeutic option. Heart failure patients with underlying congestive hepatopathy receiving cardiac transplant have demonstrated improved liver enzyme levels posttransplant. Patients with severe end-stage liver disease requiring a liver transplant must undergo careful preoperative evaluation as surgical stress exposes the myocardium to high levels of catecholamines. Clinicians must consider both cardiac and hepatic complications when evaluating heart failure, cirrhosis, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. In Part 2 of this review, we discuss new noninvasive techniques for assessing liver fibrosis in the preoperative stage. Both serum and radiologic studies, such as transient elastography, have begun to take the place of liver biopsy due to their decreased morbidity. Last, we explore the current research examining the benefit of combined heart-liver transplant, although more longitudinal outcome studies are needed.

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Role of Oxidative Stress in Hepatic and Extrahepatic Dysfunctions during Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD)

González

Huerta-Salgado

Orozco-Aguilar

et al. 2020

Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity

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Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a pathology that contains a broad liver dysfunctions spectrum. These alterations span from noninflammatory isolated steatosis until nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), a more aggressive form of the disease characterized by steatosis, inflammatory status, and varying liver degrees fibrosis. NAFLD is the most prevalent chronic liver disease worldwide. The causes of NAFLD are diverse and include genetic and environmental factors. The presence of NASH is strongly associated with cirrhosis development and hepatocellular carcinoma, two conditions that require liver transplantation. The liver alterations during NAFLD are well described. Interestingly, this pathological condition also affects other critical tissues and organs, such as skeletal muscle and even the cardiovascular, renal, and nervous systems. Oxidative stress (OS) is a harmful state present in several chronic diseases, such as NAFLD. The purpose of this review is to describe hepatic and extrahepatic dysfunctions in NAFLD. We will also review the influence of OS on the physiopathological events that affect the critical function of the liver and peripheral tissues.

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Cardiac Hepatopathy

Cited by 3 publications

References 98 publications

Part 1: Disease of the Heart and Liver

Part 1: Disease of the Heart and Liver

Part 2: Disease of the Heart and Liver: A Relationship That Cuts Both Ways

Role of Oxidative Stress in Hepatic and Extrahepatic Dysfunctions during Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD)

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