Cardiac excitation modeling: HDL coder optimization towards FPGA stand-alone implementation

Othman, Norliza; Mahmud, Farhanahani; Mahamad, Abd Kadir; Jabbar, Mohamad Hairol; Adon, Nur Atiqah

doi:10.1109/iccsce.2014.7072771

Cited by 6 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…The simulation output of the action potential for cellular excitation on the FPGA Virtex-6 was obtained from the Chipscope Pro. These design processes have been reported in detail in our previous work [26]. Based on the FPGA-on-board simulation, cardiac excitation response to periodic stimulation current trains with different intervals of time (t) and intensity of stimulation current (Isti) were compared to those of the computer simulation.…”

Section: Fpga Rapid Prototyping Design For the Simulation Of The Card...mentioning

confidence: 99%

A Reconfigurable Hardware Realization for Real-Time Simulation of Cardiac Excitation and Conduction

Mahmud,

Adon,

Othman

et al. 2024

IJIE

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Dynamic simulation of complex cardiac excitation and conduction requires high computational time. Thus, the hardware techniques that can run in real-time simulation were introduced. However, according to existing studies, the hardware simulation requires high power consumption and involves a large size of the physical parts. Due to the drawbacks, this research presents the adaptation of nonlinear Ordinary Differential Equation (ODE)-based cardiac excitable models of Luo-Rudy Phase I (LR-I) and FitzHugh-Nagumo (FHN) in a reconfigurable hardware of field-programmable gate array (FPGA). FPGA rapid prototyping using MATLAB Hardware Description Language (HDL) Coder was used to convert a fixed-point MATLAB Simulink blocks design of the cardiac models into a synthesizable VHSIC Hardware Description Language (VHDL) code and verified using the FPGA-In-the Loop (FIL) Co-simulator. The Xilinx FPGA Virtex-6 XC6VLX240T ML605 evaluation board was chosen as the FPGA platform. The cardiac excitation response characteristics using the LR-I model and the simulations of reentrant initiation and annihilation using the FHN model were verified in Virtex-6 FPGA. This means a new real-time simulation-based analysis technique of cardiac electrical excitation and conduction wassuccessfully developed using the reconfigurable hardware.

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Section: Fpga Rapid Prototyping Design For the Simulation Of The Card...mentioning

confidence: 99%

A Reconfigurable Hardware Realization for Real-Time Simulation of Cardiac Excitation and Conduction

Mahmud,

Adon,

Othman

et al. 2024

IJIE

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…The model-based design generally provides an effective improvement in terms of system reliability and reduces the total project time up to 33% and the cost by 20% compared to the traditional methods (hand-written code) [23]. The floating-point model needs to be converted to fixed point in order to reduce the hardware resources [19]. The steering system was designed and simulated using MATLAB Simulink and implemented on SoC (System on Chip) target using embedded coder and HDL coder.…”

Section: Design Of the Mpc Controller And Hdl Code Generationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Model Predictive Control for Automated Vehicle Steering

Reda¹,

Bouzid²,

Vásárhelyi³

2020

ACTA POLYTECH HUNG

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The autonomous vehicle steering system, a multi-input multi-output (MIMO) system, is challenging to design using traditional controllers due to the interaction between inputs and outputs. If PID controllers are used the control loops are executed independently of each other as there is no interaction between the loops. Designing a larger system increases the controller parameters requiring tuning. Model Predictive Control (MPC) overcomes this problem, as it is a multi-variable control method taking into account the interactions of the variables in the target system. Achieving a high safety level is also critical for autonomous vehicle systems. This can be provided by an MPC controller, which can handle constraints such as maintaining a safe distance from other cars. Wider applicability of the Model Predictive Controller calls for more efficient hardware architectures for implementation. The aim of this paper is to achieve optimal implementation of the MPC controller by increasing the computational speed in order to reduce execution time for optimization. An MPC controller is used to control the steering system of an autonomous vehicle to keep it on the desired path. A traditional MPC controller is used to control the system where the plant dynamics do not change, whereas an Adaptive MPC controller is used when the system is nonlinear or its characteristics vary with time (the longitudinal velocity changes as the vehicle moves). Results are discussed in terms of performance, resource utilization, cost, and energy-effective implementations taking into consideration a reasonable size number of constraints handled by the controller.

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“…In literature [1], [2], and [3], the authors proposed alternative approaches by using a Model-Based Design (MBD) that is a practical design methodology and able to develop rapid prototyping by using MAT-LAB/Simulink. In literature [4] and [5], the authors proposed optimization, such as xed-point optimiza-tion, to reduce the area consumption for a lower-cost FPGA board with limited resources. Many applications employed only a few conditions without nested loops [1], [2], [3], [4], and [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In literature [4] and [5], the authors proposed optimization, such as xed-point optimiza-tion, to reduce the area consumption for a lower-cost FPGA board with limited resources. Many applications employed only a few conditions without nested loops [1], [2], [3], [4], and [5]. So, this literature cannot be a good candidate for complex models.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Model-Based Design Optimization using CDFG for Image Processing on FPGA

Chumpol,

Solod,

Thongnoo

et al. 2023

ECTI-CIT Transactions

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As the automotive industry moves toward autonomous driving and ADAS (Advanced Driver Assistance Systems), Model-Based Design (MBD) is a practical design methodology. It can be used to develop rapid prototyping by using MATLAB and Simulink. The MBD method still has limitations for handling complex models. This paper uses the Control Data Flow Graph (CDFG), an intermediate representation for analyzing complex algorithms, so that suitable optimizations for image processing applications can be implemented on an FPGA. The experimental results show that the proposed CDFG method improved both the area and speed of the edge detection case study compared with the MathWorks Vision HDL toolbox.

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Cardiac excitation modeling: HDL coder optimization towards FPGA stand-alone implementation

Cited by 6 publications

References 15 publications

A Reconfigurable Hardware Realization for Real-Time Simulation of Cardiac Excitation and Conduction

A Reconfigurable Hardware Realization for Real-Time Simulation of Cardiac Excitation and Conduction

Model Predictive Control for Automated Vehicle Steering

Model-Based Design Optimization using CDFG for Image Processing on FPGA

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