Cardiac Events and Economic Burden Among Patients With Hypertension and Treated Insomnia in the USA

Abstract

Background: Cardiovascular (CV) event risk, healthcare resource utilization (HCRU) and costs have not been elucidated among hypertension patients with treated insomnia (H + TI). Materials & methods: Adult patients with H + TI were identified in IBM MarketScan databases. H + TI patients were matched 1:1 on age and sex to controls with hypertension but without sleep disorders. Multivariable models were used to estimate associations between treated insomnia and CV event risk, HCRU and costs. Results: In total, 81,502 H + TI patients (mean age = 62 years, 53% female) were matched. Relative to controls, H + TI patients were 2.4 times as likely to have CV events. H + TI patients incurred higher costs per patient per month (US$2343 vs US$1013). Conclusion: Treated insomnia was associated with higher costs and HRCU in hypertension patients.

Efficacy of acupuncture or moxibustion in treating senile insomnia compared with a control group: A systematic review and meta-analysis

“…The rate of improvement was evaluated for examining therapeutic efficacy in 16 studies [1][2][3][4][5]7,9,10] ; of which, 15 studies used the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). [1,2,[4][5][6][7][8][10][11][12][13][14][15]18] In addition, 2 studies evaluated the rate of improvement, [1,10] and 4 studies evaluated PSQI scores during the follow-up period. [1,7,8,10] The quality of the data was not high.…”

“…Of the 20 studies, 9 studies [1,4,6,7,9,11,15,16] were randomized into groups using the random number table method, 1 study [13] was randomized into groups through random toss, 1 study [2] Figure was randomized according to the order of treatment, and 9 studies [3,5,8,10,12,14,17,18] did not mention the specific randomization method. Of the 20 studies, 1 study [6] used allocation concealment, whereas 19 studies [1][2][3][4][5][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18] did not mention allocation concealment.…”

“…Of the 20 studies, 1 study [6] used allocation concealment, whereas 19 studies [1][2][3][4][5][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18] did not mention allocation concealment. Owing to the specificity of acupuncture operation, the studies displayed a high risk of bias in terms of blinding of participants and personnel: 1 study [5] used the double-blinding method, 1 study [6] used the single-blinding method, and 18 studies [1][2][3][4][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18] did not mention the blinding method used. In addition, 1 study [6] blinded the result evaluation, and 19 studies [1][2][3][4][5][7][8][9][10][11]…”

“…Of the 20 studies, 9 studies [1,4,6,7,9,11,15,16] were randomized into groups using the random number table method, 1 study [13] was randomized into groups through random toss, 1 study [2] Figure was randomized according to the order of treatment, and 9 studies [3,5,8,10,12,14,17,18] did not mention the specific randomization method. Of the 20 studies, 1 study [6] used allocation concealment, whereas 19 studies [1][2][3][4][5][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18] did not mention allocation concealment. Owing to the specificity of acupuncture operation, the studies displayed a high risk of bias in terms of blinding of participants and personnel: 1 study [5] used the double-blinding method, 1 study [6] used the single-blinding method, and 18 studies [1][2][3][4][6][7][8][9]…”

“…Chronic insomnia greatly affects function in the daytime, thereby impairing memory and concentration and increasing the incidence of many common chronic diseases and the risk of neuropsychiatric comorbidities such as anxiety or depression. [5][6][7] Insomnia is primarily treated with CBT-I for insomnia) and medications such as BZs, BZRAs, antidepressants, antipsychotics, antihistamines, plant treatment substances, and melatonin. [8] Benzodiazepines are widely used to treat insomnia; however, their efficacy is limited owing to drug resistance, addiction, withdrawal, and other adverse reactions.…”