Cardiac effects of intracoronary arterial injections of various roentgenographic contrast media

Myocardial Fractional Flow Reserve Measurement Using Contrast Media as a First-Line Assessment of Coronary Lesions in Current Practice

“…13 It has been proposed as a tool for physiological studies ever since the concept of coronary flow reserve has been proposed and clinically used. 14 Several mechanisms can explain coronary vasodilatation and coronary blood flow increment and this effect can be attributed to osmolality, 15 viscosity, 16 cationic content 17 and / or PH 18 of the contrast agent.…”

Invasive Coronary Physiology for Assessing Intermediate Lesions

“…The hyperemic effect of contrast media has been appreciated for >50 years and was used in earlier coronary physiology studies. 37 However, as contrast agents with lower osmolality which are less hyperemic became preferred for coronary angiography, and as studies showed the improved hyperemia achieved with agents like adenosine, the use of contrast media in coronary physiology studies declined. 38 With the recent increase in enthusiasm to measure FFR as a result of the wealth of data supporting it and the desire to provide further justification for PCI, the urge to streamline FFR as much as possible has also increased.…”

Electrocardiographic Changes during Coronary Arteriography in Dogs

“…Guzman and West (9), however, in their ex periments with selective injection, noted that all the radiopaque substances they studied elicited a slight and transient increase in the heart rale. In some of the figures published by Guzman and West (9) it is hard to see exactly when the tachycardia begins, be cause of respiratory arrhythmia. It is probable that the tachycardia is an expression of a direct influence of the contrast medium on I lie* myocardium.…”

“…Guzman and West (9), for example, stated that urokon, hypaque, cardiografin. renogral'in and diodrast (in the descending order of effectiveness) produced cardiac arrhythmias and S'I'-T changes in the electro cardiogram, depressed the contractile force of the heart, and caused ¡1 drop in blood pressure.…”