Cardiac Effects of Exercise Training in Hypertension

Abstract

Hypertension is a signi�cant health concern. Hypertension leads to compensatory pathologic hypertrophy and impaired cardiac function. Lifestyle modi�cations such as exercise are encouraged for hypertensive patients. Some studies have shown that exercise training can reverse pathological hypertrophy. Conversely, studies on animal models of hypertension have shown increased cardiac growth with exercise training. Despite the further induction of hypertrophy, exercise training seems protective against cell death and may increase cardiomyocyte proliferation, leading to a putative phenotype. �ne of the hallmark bene�cial effects of exercise in hypertension is an improvement in myocardial adrenergic responsiveness. e focus of this paper is to discuss how exercise training impacts cardiac remodeling and function in the hypertensive heart with speci�c reference to adrenergic signaling.

Exercise Training Attenuates Right Ventricular Remodeling in Rats with Pulmonary Arterial Stenosis

“…Thus, it may be suggested that TS animals exhibited a prototype of physiological myocardial stimulus associated to preserved cavity geometry and improved cardiac function (Ellison et al, 2012). These benefits occurred regardless of a reduction in gradient pressure, which supports the hypothesis that the exercise can attenuate myocardial remodeling independent of the cardiac overload lowering the effects of exercise (Libonati, 2013). Overall, benefits from the exercise may explain the improved functional capacity in trained animals, as noted for the increase in VO 2 max—a gold standard to assess exercise tolerance (Carlson, 1955).…”

Cardiac function is preserved following 4 weeks of voluntary wheel running in a rodent model of chronic kidney disease

“…Therefore, habitual physical activity, and chronic exercise, are likely ideal adjunct treatment strategies for cardiac dysfunction and associated mortality in renal disease. Indeed, exercise has already been shown to improve quality of life and reduce hospitalization in a number of other cardiovascular diseases (9,18,29,43). Consequentially, further clinical study is needed to confirm our findings and demonstrate the beneficial effects of exercise in patients with CKD.…”

“…Specifically, coronary flow rate was preserved with wheel running, suggesting improved myocardial perfusion. In addition, cardiac hypertrophy was not further augmented in the AI-WR group, a finding that contrasts previous studies conducted in other models of CVD (29). LV NO may have conferred these effects because it is suggested to prevent cardiac hypertrophy and mediate coronary vasodilation via guanosine 3=,5=-cyclic monophosphate (cGMP)-dependent mechanisms (17).…”

“…The findings of the current study suggest that a low-volume exercise intervention is sufficient to maintain cardiac performance in rats with CKD, potentially through a mechanism related to improved redox homeostasis and increased NO. cardiac function; kidney disease; exercise; nitric oxide; and oxidative stress EXERCISE TRAINING IS AN IMPORTANT adjunct therapy for the treatment and prevention of various cardiovascular diseases (9,29,43). Exercise provides sustainable protection against myocardial infarction and hypertension while improving cardiac function, cardiovascular outcomes, and quality of life (9,29,43).…”

“…cardiac function; kidney disease; exercise; nitric oxide; and oxidative stress EXERCISE TRAINING IS AN IMPORTANT adjunct therapy for the treatment and prevention of various cardiovascular diseases (9,29,43). Exercise provides sustainable protection against myocardial infarction and hypertension while improving cardiac function, cardiovascular outcomes, and quality of life (9,29,43). Yet few clinical and experimental studies have investigated the effect of exercise on cardiovascular function among those suffering with chronic kidney disease (CKD).…”