Cardiac Biomarkers Release in Preadolescent Athletes After an High Intensity Exercise

The objective of this study was to compare the release of cardiac troponin T (cTnT) after a football 7 match between two cohorts of children and adult players. Thirty-six male football players (children = 24, adult = 12) played a football 7 match, and cTnT was measured before, and 3 h after exercise. Concentrations of cTnT were compared between groups and time, and correlated with participants’ characteristics, as well as internal and external exercise load. Cardiac troponin T was elevated in all participants (p < 0.001), and exceeded the upper reference limit for myocardial infarction in 25 (~70%) of them. Baseline concentrations were higher in adults (p < 0.001), but the elevation of cTnT was comparable between the groups (p = 0.37). Age (p < 0.001), body mass (p = 0.001) and height (p < 0.001), and training experience (p = 0.001) were associated to baseline cTnT values, while distance (p < 0.001), mean speed (p < 0.001), and peak (p = 0.013) and mean (p = 0.016) heart rate were associated to the elevation of cTnT. The present study suggests that a football 7 match evoked elevations of cTnT during the subsequent hours in healthy players regardless of their age. However, adults might present higher resting values of cTnT than children. In addition, results suggest that the exercise-induced elevations of cTnT might be mediated by exercise load but not participant characteristics.

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 80%

Cardiac Troponin T Release after Football 7 in Healthy Children and Adults

Cirer-Sastre

Legaz-Arrese

Corbi

et al. 2020

“…Previous research in adult populations found that hs-cTnT release after exercise was associated with the peak and average heart rate during exercise [11]. However, our results coincide with recent studies that did not find such an association when investigating the phenomenon in younger participants [33,37]. The acute cardiovascular response to exercise in children is more variable than that in adults; this variability is probably a consequence of anatomical, physiological, and psychological changes that occur during growth and maturation [38].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Effect of Training Load on Post-Exercise Cardiac Troponin T Elevations in Young Soccer Players

Cirer-Sastre

Legaz-Arrese

Corbi

et al. 2019

Training load (TL) metrics are usually assessed to estimate the individual, physiological and psychological, acute, and adaptive responses to training. Cardiac troponins (cTn) reflect myocardial damage and are routinely analyzed for the clinical diagnosis of myocardial injury. The association between TL and post-exercise cTn elevations is scarcely investigated in young athletes, especially after playing common team sports such as soccer. The objective of this study was to assess the relationship between TL measurements during a small-sided soccer game and the subsequent increase in cTn in young players. Twenty male soccer players (age 11.9 ± 2 years, height 151 ± 13 cm, weight 43 ± 13 kg) were monitored during a 5 × 5 small-sided game and had blood samples drawn before, immediately after, and 3 h after exercise for a posterior analysis of high-sensitivity cardiac troponin T (hs-cTnT). Internal, external, and mixed metrics of TL were obtained from the rating of perceived exertion (RPE), heart rate (HR), and GPS player tracking. The results show that the concentration of hs-cTnT peaked at 3 h post-exercise in all participants. The magnitude of hs-cTnT elevation was mainly explained by the exercise duration in the maximal heart rate zone (Maximum Probability of Effect (MPE) = 92.5%), time in the high-speed zone (MPE = 90.4 %), and distance in the high-speed zone (MPE = 90.45%). Our results support the idea that common metrics of TL in soccer, easily obtained using player tracking systems, are strongly associated with the release of hs-cTnT in children and adolescents.

“…It is difficult to discourage athletes from these practices, but they can be made aware, if there is evidence that such practices could affect their muscular functioning [3]. To explain this muscular damage, studies have been carried out on elite fighters and in healthy elite and amateur athletes who were evaluated after intensive exercise until muscular exhaustion, causing an elevation of cardiac biomarkers in 62% of the subjects like troponin, a possible indicator of heart damage, acute coronary syndrome, or even infarction [4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11]. Wrestlers were divided into groups, depending on their hydration levels, and it was concluded that the levels of inflammation and markers of muscle damage (creatine phosphokinase, CPK, lactate dehydrogenase, LDH, and aspartate transaminase, AST) obtained in their post-competition blood samples were different between both groups and higher in the forearm muscles of the dehydrated group.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differences in the Bodyweight, Hydration Levels, Lean Mass, and Fat Mass in Spanish Junior Elite Judokas

Gamero-delCastillo

Calvo

Navandar

et al. 2020

Combat sports have a great interest in society and among professional sports. They are an important group of sports in the Olympic Games, but the strategies carried out by athletes to reduce body weight for weighing day, is famously known, suffering the adverse physical and psychological effects of rapid weight loss. This could compromise not only the performance, but the health and development of young athletes. A total of 22 elite male judokas (18.05 ± 1.05 years old) were evaluated during four different competitions in one season; the variables of body weight, water levels, and lean and fat mass were measured by bioimpedance (BIA), (Tanita BC545N) during one season. Using the linear mixed model test, we found significant differences in bodyweight variable during the competitions 3–4. The water level variable showed significant differences in all competitions, except for 2–4. Body mass index was significantly different in all competitions, being higher in the later competitions, except between competitions 1–2 and 2–3. Judokas participate in weight loss methods for their weigh-in days. Furthermore, the age at which the athletes reduced their water levels are worrisome. These results could be used to create healthy programs, especially in elite judokas, in order to carry out strategies before, during, and after competitions with weight loss and controlled water levels increasing future performance and health.