Cardiac Autonomic Function and High-Intensity Interval Training in Middle-Age Men

Kiviniemi, Antti M.; Tulppo, Mikko P.; Eskelinen, Joonas J.; Savolainen, Anna M.; Kapanen, Jukka; Heinonen, Ilkka; Huikuri, Heikki V.; Hannukainen, Jarna C.; Kalliokoski, Kari K.

doi:10.1249/mss.0000000000000307

Cited by 68 publications

(87 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…Therefore, there is a possibility of increased cardiac vagal tone activity due to the training-induced suppression of angiotensin II. 24 The result of our study, confirming the beneficial effect of HIT interventions on Ln rMSSD, is in line with previous investigations reporting the positive outcomes 4,[6][7][8] and in contrast with studies showing unchanged values in HRV. 26,27 Discrepancies between the present study result and previous unchanged HRV reports might be due to the subjects' characteristics 27 or health conditions.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

The Effects of Heart Rate Versus Speed-Based High-Intensity Interval Training on Heart Rate Variability in Young Females

Rabbani¹,

Bambaeichi²,

Esfarjani³

et al. 2017

Int J Basic Sci Med

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

The Effects of Heart Rate Versus Speed-Based High-Intensity Interval Training on Heart Rate Variability in Young Females

Rabbani¹,

Bambaeichi²,

Esfarjani³

et al. 2017

Int J Basic Sci Med

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“…No changes occurred in body mass, body mass index, or resting heart rate (HR rest ) after training. V O 2 peak and whole body glucose uptake (M-value) were improved after both training modes, as described previously (7,18), indicating that only 2 wk of exercise induce health-enhancing changes.…”

Section: Subject Characteristics Recruitment Occurred Betweensupporting

confidence: 81%

“…A candidate was accepted to the study if the following criteria were fulfilled: male sex, age 40 -55 yr, body mass index 18.5-30 kg/m 2 , nonsmoking, and no exercise on regular basis [twice a week or less, peak oxygen uptake (V O2 peak) Յ 40 ml·kg Ϫ1 ·min Ϫ1 ]. A candidate was excluded if he had a condition that could potentially endanger the subject's health during the study or interfere with the interpretation of the results (7,17,18). Finally, 28 participants fulfilled the criteria.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The training interventions consisted of six exercise sessions within 2 wk (7,18). Each session was performed in supervised laboratory conditions.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…V O2 peak was determined by a maximal exercise test on a cycle ergometer (Ergoline 800s; VIASYS Healthcare). As previously described (7,17,18), the test started at 50 W, and the load was increased by 30 W every 2 min until exhaustion. Ventilation and gas exchange were measured (Jaeger Oxycon Pro; VIASYS Healthcare) and reported as the mean value per minute.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Right ventricular metabolic adaptations to high-intensity interval and moderate-intensity continuous training in healthy middle-aged men

Heiskanen

Leskinen

Heinonen

et al. 2016

American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology

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Heiskanen MA, Leskinen T, Heinonen IH, Löyttyniemi E, Eskelinen JJ, Virtanen K, Hannukainen JC, Kalliokoski KK. Right ventricular metabolic adaptations to high-intensity interval and moderate-intensity continuous training in healthy middle-aged men. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 311: H667-H675, 2016. First published July 22, 2016; doi:10.1152/ajpheart.00399.2016Despite the recent studies on structural and functional adaptations of the right ventricle (RV) to exercise training, adaptations of its metabolism remain unknown. We investigated the effects of short-term, high-intensity interval training (HIIT) and moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) on RV glucose and fat metabolism. Twenty-eight untrained, healthy 40 -55 yr-old-men were randomized into HIIT (n ϭ 14) and MICT (n ϭ 14) groups. Subjects performed six supervised cycle ergometer training sessions within 2 wk (HIIT session: 4 -6 ϫ 30 s all-out cycling/4-min recovery; MICT session: 40 -60 min at 60% peak O 2 uptake). Primary outcomes were insulin-stimulated RV glucose uptake (RVGU) and fasted state RV free fatty acid uptake (RVFFAU) measured by positron emission tomography. Secondary outcomes were changes in RV structure and function, determined by cardiac magnetic resonance. RVGU decreased after training (Ϫ22% HIIT, Ϫ12% MICT, P ϭ 0.002 for training effect), but RVFFAU was not affected by the training (P ϭ 0.74). RV end-diastolic and endsystolic volumes, respectively, increased ϩ5 and ϩ7% for HIIT and ϩ4 and ϩ8% for MICT (P ϭ 0.002 and 0.005 for training effects, respectively), but ejection fraction mildly decreased (Ϫ2% HIIT, Ϫ4% MICT, P ϭ 0.034 for training effect). RV mass and stroke volume remained unaltered. None of the observed changes differed between the training groups (P Ͼ 0.12 for group ϫ training interaction). Only 2 wk of physical training in previously sedentary subjects induce changes in RV glucose metabolism, volumes, and ejection fraction, which precede exercise-induced hypertrophy of RV.Listen to this article's corresponding podcast at http://ajpheart.podbean. com/e/right-ventricular-metabolic-adaptations-to-exercise-training/. EXERCISE-INDUCED HYPERTROPHY of the left ventricle (LV), socalled athlete's heart, is generally associated with excellent health outcomes. Right ventricle (RV) has remained less studied, and for a long time it was considered merely as "a passive conduit" (8,14,42). Recently, RV adaptations to exercise training have gained increased research interest. While previous studies concerning the effects of training on the RV have reported balanced hypertrophy with the LV (21, 35-37), other studies have reported RV dysfunction following intense endurance exercise (3,9,10,25,26,40). A recent meta-analysis further confirmed that prolonged intense exercise leads to reduction of RV function, while LV function remains unaffected (6), underlining the need for further studies specifically on RV adaptations.As an alternative for traditional moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT), high-intensity interval training (H...

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Exercise training decreases pancreatic fat content and improves beta cell function regardless of baseline glucose tolerance: a randomised controlled trial

et al. 2018

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Aims/hypothesisPancreatic fat accumulation may contribute to the development of beta cell dysfunction. Exercise training improves whole-body insulin sensitivity, but its effects on pancreatic fat content and beta cell dysfunction are unclear. The aim of this parallel-group randomised controlled trial was to evaluate the effects of exercise training on pancreatic fat and beta cell function in healthy and prediabetic or type 2 diabetic participants and to test whether the responses were similar regardless of baseline glucose tolerance.MethodsUsing newspaper announcements, a total of 97 sedentary 40–55-year-old individuals were assessed for eligibility. Prediabetes (impaired fasting glucose and/or impaired glucose tolerance) and type 2 diabetes were defined by ADA criteria. Of the screened candidates, 28 healthy men and 26 prediabetic or type 2 diabetic men and women met the inclusion criteria and were randomised into 2-week-long sprint interval or moderate-intensity continuous training programmes in a 1:1 allocation ratio using random permuted blocks. The primary outcome was pancreatic fat, which was measured by magnetic resonance spectroscopy. As secondary outcomes, beta cell function was studied using variables derived from OGTT, and whole-body insulin sensitivity and pancreatic fatty acid and glucose uptake were measured using positron emission tomography. The measurements were carried out at the Turku PET Centre, Finland. The analyses were based on an intention-to-treat principle. Given the nature of the intervention, blinding was not applicable.ResultsAt baseline, the group of prediabetic or type 2 diabetic men had a higher pancreatic fat content and impaired beta cell function compared with the healthy men, while glucose and fatty acid uptake into the pancreas was similar. Exercise training decreased pancreatic fat similarly in healthy (from 4.4% [3.0%, 6.1%] to 3.6% [2.4%, 5.2%] [mean, 95% CI]) and prediabetic or type 2 diabetic men (from 8.7% [6.0%, 11.9%] to 6.7% [4.4%, 9.6%]; p = 0.036 for time effect) without any changes in pancreatic substrate uptake (p ≥ 0.31 for time effect in both insulin-stimulated glucose and fasting state fatty acid uptake). In prediabetic or type 2 diabetic men and women, both exercise modes similarly improved variables describing beta cell function.Conclusions/interpretationTwo weeks of exercise training improves beta cell function in prediabetic or type 2 diabetic individuals and decreases pancreatic fat regardless of baseline glucose tolerance. This study shows that short-term training efficiently reduces ectopic fat within the pancreas, and exercise training may therefore reduce the risk of type 2 diabetes.Trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov NCT01344928FundingThis study was funded by the Emil Aaltonen Foundation, the European Foundation for the Study of Diabetes, the Finnish Diabetes Foundation, the Orion Research Foundation, the Academy of Finland (grants 251399, 256470, 281440, and 283319), the Ministry of Education of the State of Finland, the Paavo Nurmi Foundation, the ...

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Cardiac Autonomic Function and High-Intensity Interval Training in Middle-Age Men

Abstract: In conclusion, HIT was more effective short-term strategy to increase R-R interval variability than aerobic training, most probably by inducing larger increases in cardiac vagal activity. The acute autonomic responses to the single HIT session were not modified by short-term training.

Cited by 68 publications

References 44 publications

The Effects of Heart Rate Versus Speed-Based High-Intensity Interval Training on Heart Rate Variability in Young Females

The Effects of Heart Rate Versus Speed-Based High-Intensity Interval Training on Heart Rate Variability in Young Females

Right ventricular metabolic adaptations to high-intensity interval and moderate-intensity continuous training in healthy middle-aged men

Exercise training decreases pancreatic fat content and improves beta cell function regardless of baseline glucose tolerance: a randomised controlled trial

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