Cardiac assistance from skeletal muscle: a reappraisal☆

Salmons, Stanley

doi:10.1016/j.ejcts.2008.09.015

Cited by 10 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 107 publications

(118 reference statements)

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“…Researchers have also identified more suitable donor cells for CCM. The most promising cell populations evaluated to date include skeletal muscle myoblasts [20-23], murine embryonic stem cells [24,25], bone marrow (BM)-derived stem cells, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) [17,26-28], purified (enriched) hematopoietic stem cells [29-31], blood- and BM-derived endothelial progenitor cells [32-35], and cardiac stem cells [36-40]. To date, donor cell populations used in CCM have demonstrated some beneficial effects for the heart, but various ethical, biological, and technical concerns limit their suitability for use in human patients.…”

Section: Stem Cell-mediated Therapies For Cardiac Injuriesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The cells were transplanted via direct intramyocardial injection and intra-arterial injection [21-23,47-49] and despite the ability of the engrafted skeletal myoblasts to adapt to the cardiac microenvironment and improve cardiac performance in experimental animal models of cardiac injury [21,22,46-50], various limitations, including poor cell survival - similar to those encountered with myoblast transplantation into skeletal muscle - have hindered the overall applicability of this therapeutic approach [51-53]. …”

Section: Stem Cell-mediated Therapies For Cardiac Injuriesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Terminal differentiation is not a major determinant for the success of stem cell therapy - cross-talk between muscle-derived stem cells and host cells

et al. 2011

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We have found that when muscle-derived stem cells (MDSCs) are implanted into a variety of tissues only a small fraction of the donor cells can be found within the regenerated tissues and the vast majority of cells are host derived. This observation has also been documented by other investigators using a variety of different stem cell types. It is speculated that the transplanted stem cells release factors that modulate repair indirectly by mobilizing the host's cells and attracting them to the injury site in a paracrine manner. This process is loosely called a 'paracrine mechanism', but its effects are not necessarily restricted to the injury site. In support of this speculation, it has been reported that increasing angiogenesis leads to an improvement of cardiac function, while inhibiting angiogenesis reduces the regeneration capacity of the stem cells in the injured vascularized tissues. This observation supports the finding that most of the cells that contribute to the repair process are indeed chemo-attracted to the injury site, potentially through host neo-angiogenesis. Since it has recently been observed that cells residing within the walls of blood vessels (endothelial cells and pericytes) appear to represent an origin for post-natal stem cells, it is tempting to hypothesize that the promotion of tissue repair, via neo-angiogenesis, involves these blood vessel-derived stem cells. For non-vascularized tissues, such as articular cartilage, the regenerative property of the injected stem cells still promotes a paracrine, or bystander, effect, which involves the resident cells found within the injured microenvironment, albeit not through the promotion of angiogenesis. In this paper, we review the current knowledge of post-natal stem cell therapy and demonstrate the influence that implanted stem cells have on the tissue regeneration and repair process. We argue that the terminal differentiation capacity of implanted stem cells is not the major determinant of the cells regenerative potential and that the paracrine effect imparted by the transplanted cells plays a greater role in the regeneration process.

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Section: Stem Cell-mediated Therapies For Cardiac Injuriesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Stem Cell-mediated Therapies For Cardiac Injuriesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Terminal differentiation is not a major determinant for the success of stem cell therapy - cross-talk between muscle-derived stem cells and host cells

et al. 2011

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“…It is therefore crucially dependent on the blood supply, which may be compromised when the muscle graft is lifted: important contributory vessels have to be ligated and divided, and spasm may be induced in the remaining vasculature by handling, cooling, and loss of normal resting tension during surgery. Fortunately, these problems may be alleviated by stimulating the muscle in advance (“preconditioning”), which enhances blood flow and opens arterial anastomoses (for a review, see Ref 143…”

Section: Therapeutic Applications Of Long‐term Electrical Stimulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adaptive change in electrically stimulated muscle: A framework for the design of clinical protocols

Salmons

2009

Muscle and Nerve

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Adult mammalian skeletal muscles have a remarkable capacity for adapting to increased use. Although this behavior is familiar from the changes brought about by endurance exercise, it is seen to a much greater extent in the response to long-term neuromuscular stimulation. The associated phenomena include a markedly increased resistance to fatigue, and this is the key to several clinical applications. However, a more rational basis is needed for designing regimes of stimulation that are conducive to an optimal outcome. In this review I examine relevant factors, such as the amount, frequency, and duty cycle of stimulation, the influence of force generation, and the animal model. From these considerations a framework emerges for the design of protocols that yield an overall functional profile appropriate to the application. Three contrasting examples illustrate the issues that need to be addressed clinically.

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“…A titanized blood contacting surface with endothelialization (Pfm titanium GmbH, Nürnberg; Germany) might prevent thromboembolic complications. In the light of 25 years of systematic progress in basic science of muscle powered cardiac assist this biologic treatment option should become reconsidered as a future surgical treatment option for the therapy of end-stage heart failure [20].…”

Section: Summary and Perspectivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Skeletal Muscle Ventricles (SMVs) and Biomechanical Hearts (BMHs) with a Self-Endothelializing Titanized Blood Contacting Surface

Norbert¹,

Klapproth²,

Zimmermann³

et al. 2013

Regenerative Medicine and Tissue Engineering

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Cardiac assistance from skeletal muscle: a reappraisal☆

Cited by 10 publications

References 107 publications

Terminal differentiation is not a major determinant for the success of stem cell therapy - cross-talk between muscle-derived stem cells and host cells

Terminal differentiation is not a major determinant for the success of stem cell therapy - cross-talk between muscle-derived stem cells and host cells

Adaptive change in electrically stimulated muscle: A framework for the design of clinical protocols

Skeletal Muscle Ventricles (SMVs) and Biomechanical Hearts (BMHs) with a Self-Endothelializing Titanized Blood Contacting Surface

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