Cardiac arrhythmias in clinically healthy showjumping horses

Buhl, Rikke; Meldgaard, C.; Barbesgaard, L.

doi:10.1111/j.2042-3306.2010.00185.x

Cited by 62 publications

(58 citation statements)

References 19 publications

(77 reference statements)

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“…The limited number of horses examined in this study is not sufficient to provide prevalence or frequency estimates for the general population. However, in agreement with previous studies in other types of horses [4–6, 8], the results suggest that SVPCs are relatively common in endurance horses. As stated in the Introduction, the appropriate clinical question is therefore related more to the frequency of premature beats in a given time period or under specific circumstances (e.g.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Appropriate threshold levels of cardiac beat-to-beat variation in semi-automatic analysis of equine ECG recordings

et al. 2016

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BackgroundAlthough premature beats are a matter of concern in horses, the interpretation of equine ECG recordings is complicated by a lack of standardized analysis criteria and a limited knowledge of the normal beat-to-beat variation of equine cardiac rhythm. The purpose of this study was to determine the appropriate threshold levels of maximum acceptable deviation of RR intervals in equine ECG analysis, and to evaluate a novel two-step timing algorithm by quantifying the frequency of arrhythmias in a cohort of healthy adult endurance horses.ResultsBeat-to-beat variation differed considerably with heart rate (HR), and an adaptable model consisting of three different HR ranges with separate threshold levels of maximum acceptable RR deviation was consequently defined. For resting HRs <60 beats/min (bpm) the threshold level of RR deviation was set at 20%, for HRs in the intermediate range between 60 and 100 bpm the threshold was 10%, and for exercising HRs >100 bpm, the threshold level was 4%. Supraventricular premature beats represented the most prevalent arrhythmia category with varying frequencies in seven horses at rest (median 7, range 2–86) and six horses during exercise (median 2, range 1–24).ConclusionsBeat-to-beat variation of equine cardiac rhythm varies according to HR, and threshold levels in equine ECG analysis should be adjusted accordingly. Standardization of the analysis criteria will enable comparisons of studies and follow-up examinations of patients. A small number of supraventricular premature beats appears to be a normal finding in endurance horses. Further studies are required to validate the findings and determine the clinical significance of premature beats in horses.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Appropriate threshold levels of cardiac beat-to-beat variation in semi-automatic analysis of equine ECG recordings

et al. 2016

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“…This last category has been used by some authors just to check for the presence and characterization of arrhythmias, not taking advantage of all the ECG potential for cardiovascular information [19,20]. …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Even nowadays some authors [19] consider Einthoven as a reference method for horse ECG. The problem here is that this method provides the transverse plane, which can only be used to express heart rate and heart rhythm, whilst the frontal plane cannot be thus evaluated.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cardiac Mean Electrical Axis in Thoroughbreds—Standardization by the Dubois Lead Positioning System

2017

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BackgroundDifferent methodologies for electrocardiographic acquisition in horses have been used since the first ECG recordings in equines were reported early in the last century. This study aimed to determine the best ECG electrodes positioning method and the most reliable calculation of mean cardiac axis (MEA) in equines.Materials and MethodsWe evaluated the electrocardiographic profile of 53 clinically healthy Thoroughbreds, 38 males and 15 females, with ages ranging 2–7 years old, all reared at the São Paulo Jockey Club, in Brazil. Two ECG tracings were recorded from each animal, one using the Dubois lead positioning system, the second using the base-apex method. QRS complex amplitudes were analyzed to obtain MEA values in the frontal plane for each of the two electrode positioning methods mentioned above, using two calculation approaches, the first by Tilley tables and the second by trigonometric calculation. Results were compared between the two methods.ResultsThere was significant difference in cardiac axis values: MEA obtained by the Tilley tables was +135.1° ± 90.9° vs. -81.1° ± 3.6° (p<0.0001), and by trigonometric calculation it was -15.0° ± 11.3° vs. -79.9° ± 7.4° (p<0.0001), base-apex and Dubois, respectively. Furthermore, Dubois method presented small range of variation without statistical or clinical difference by either calculation mode, while there was a wide variation in the base-apex method.ConclusionDubois improved centralization of the Thoroughbreds' hearts, engendering what seems to be the real frontal plane. By either calculation mode, it was the most reliable methodology to obtain cardiac mean electrical axis in equines.

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“…Cardiac clinical abnormalities including murmurs and arrhythmias are relatively common in horses whereas the prevalence of clinically important cardiac diseases is low . Indeed, most cardiac murmurs and arrhythmias are physiologic in horses . However, investigation of these with ECG and Doppler echocardiography is recommended as even mild cardiac abnormalities might lead to important cardiac disease and cause poor performance in sport horses …”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence and Risk Factors for Cardiac Diseases in a Hospital‐Based Population of 3,434 Horses (1994–2011)

Leroux

Detilleux

Sandersen

et al. 2013

Veterinary Internal Medicne

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Background: Risk factors for cardiac diseases in horses have not been explored in a large population of animals. Objectives: To describe risk factors for various cardiac diseases in a hospital-based population of horses. Animals: Files of 3,434 horses admitted at the Internal Medicine Department of the Liege Equine Teaching Hospital between 1994 and 2011 were reviewed and of those, 284 were categorized as having moderate-to-severe cardiac disease.Methods: Observational study. After calculating prevalence for each cardiac disease, we tested whether breed (chisquare test) or sex, age, body weight (BW), and other cardiac diseases (logistic regressions) were risk factors (p < .05 significant).Results: Mitral regurgitation (MR, 4.4%), atrial fibrillation (AF, 2.3%), aortic regurgitation (AR, 2.1%), and tricuspid regurgitation (TR, 1.7%) were the most common cardiac abnormalities detected. Determinants were male sex and increasing age for AR (OR = 2.03, CI = 1.07-4.94), racehorses breed and middle-age for TR (OR = 4.36; CI = 1.10-17.24), and high BW for AF (OR = 3.54; CI = 1.67-7.49). MR was the most common valvular disease associated with AF, clinically important ventricular arrhythmia, pulmonary regurgitation (PR), and congestive heart failure (CHF). TR was also associated with AF, PR, and CHF; AR was not associated with CHF.Conclusions and Clinical Importance: Several previously suspected risk factors for a variety of equine cardiac diseases are statistically confirmed and other risk factors are highlighted in the studied hospital-based population. These observations should be taken into account in health and sport's monitoring of horses presenting predisposing factors.

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Cardiac arrhythmias in clinically healthy showjumping horses

Cited by 62 publications

References 19 publications

Appropriate threshold levels of cardiac beat-to-beat variation in semi-automatic analysis of equine ECG recordings

Appropriate threshold levels of cardiac beat-to-beat variation in semi-automatic analysis of equine ECG recordings

Cardiac Mean Electrical Axis in Thoroughbreds—Standardization by the Dubois Lead Positioning System

Prevalence and Risk Factors for Cardiac Diseases in a Hospital‐Based Population of 3,434 Horses (1994–2011)

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