Cardiac Angioleiomyoma in 44 Cattle in Japan (1982–2009)

Abstract

A retrospective study was performed on primary cardiac tumors found in 44 cattle during meat inspection in Japan, using histology, immunohistochemistry, and electron microscopy. The age of affected cattle ranged from 10 to 129 months; 82% were less than 3 years old. In 38 hearts, the tumor was solitary; the remaining 6 hearts had multiple masses. All tumors were subendocardial and involved the papillary muscles and/or cardiac valves. Two histologic patterns were recognized; both included giant cells. Pattern 1 was characterized by interlacing fascicles of spindle-shaped cells; pattern 2 resembled cavernous hemangioma. The 2 patterns coexisted and were linked by transitional zones. Given the immunohistochemical reactivity and ultrastructure, the spindle-shaped cells were identified as smooth muscle cells and the giant cells as endothelial cells. Single cell and multicellular angiogenesis by giant cells was observed. The tumors were classified as cardiac angioleiomyoma. Subendocardial multipotential mesenchymal cells, persistent tissue of the endocardial cushion, or valvular interstitial cells were suspected as the origin.

The controversial histologic classification of canine subcutaneous whorling tumours: The path to perivascular wall tumours

“…Nevertheless, the lack of true Verocay bodies and of entrapped nerve fibres, and the immunohistochemical diagnosis, for the most part based mostly on the expression of an unspecific marker, such as S100, do not support the nerve sheath origin of this tumour in dogs (either perineurial or schwannian). It is worth mentioning that the association of palisading and myxoid areas with the concurrent expression of S100 and myoid markers has been reported in 44 bovine primary cardiac spindle cell tumours which were shown to have had vascular smooth muscle rather than perineural differentiation . A second study additionally supporting low S100 specificity in canine PNST was able to differentiate malignant PNSTs from PWTs on the basis of the application of a panel of antibodies, including multiple myoid markers to assess the perivascular origin of PWTs, and S100, nerve growth factor receptor and oligodendrocyte transcription factor, to assess the perineural origin of PNSTs .…”

“…It is worth mentioning that the association of palisading and myxoid areas with the concurrent expression of S100 and myoid markers has been reported in 44 bovine primary cardiac spindle cell tumours which were shown to have had vascular smooth muscle rather than perineural differentiation. 32 A second study additionally supporting low S100 specificity in canine PNST was able to differentiate malignant PNSTs from PWTs on the basis of the application of a panel of antibodies, including multiple myoid markers to assess the perivascular origin of PWTs, and S100, nerve growth factor receptor and oligodendrocyte transcription factor, to assess the perineural origin of PNSTs. 33 This study supported the previously published results, 11,13,25,28 confirming that S100 may be useful for diagnosing perineural spindle cell tumours only if associated with positivity to other perineural markers as well as with negativity to myoid markers.…”

Echocardiographic findings of tricuspid blood cyst mimicking bacterial endocarditis in a dairy cow

“…Echocardiography has been mentioned as a sensitive method to diagnose this affection. 5,6 However other endocardial anomalies such as blood or serous cysts, 7 valve dysplasia 8 or tumors 9 can be found in the bovine valvular endocardium. Due to their low prevalence, little is known on the echocardiographic aspect of non-infectious valvular diseases in cattle, especially in relation to their differential aspect when compared to bacterial endocarditis.…”

Left ventricular mass in a Simmental calf: cavernous haemangioma

“…Sugiyama et al (13) detected cardiac vascular hamartomas in two slaughtered cattle. In a retrospective study in Japan Une et al (15) described 44 cardiac angioleiomyoma in cattle ranging from 10 to 129 months old.…”