Cardiac alterations induced by a fish‐catching diving competition

Gargne, O.; Joulia, Fabrice; Gole, Yoann; Coulange, Mathieu; Bessereau, Jacques; Fontanari, Pierre; Desruelle, Anne-Virginie; Gavarry, Olivier; Boussuges, Alain

doi:10.1111/j.1600-0838.2010.01169.x

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…; Zelenkova and Chomahidze ) or a decrease in stroke volume (Gargne et al. ) were previously described during apneic dive and attributed to the effect of pressure and/or hypoxemia. Hypoxemia without the increased workload in APN‐S was less stressful and not sufficient to raise cardiac markers.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 86%

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Physiological stress markers during breath‐hold diving and SCUBA diving

et al. 2019

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This study investigated the sources of physiological stress in diving by comparing SCUBA dives (stressors: hydrostatic pressure, cold, and hyperoxia), apneic dives (hydrostatic pressure, cold, physical activity, hypoxia), and dry static apnea (hypoxia only). We hypothesized that despite the hypoxia induces by a long static apnea, it would be less stressful than SCUBA dive or apneic dives since the latter combined high pressure, physical activity, and cold exposure. Blood samples were collected from 12 SCUBA and 12 apnea divers before and after dives. On a different occasion, samples were collected from the apneic group before and after a maximal static dry apnea. We measured changes in levels of the stress hormones cortisol and copeptin in each situation. To identify localized effects of the stress, we measured levels of the cardiac injury markers troponin ( cTnI ) and brain natriuretic peptide ( BNP ), the muscular stress markers myoglobin and lactate), and the hypoxemia marker ischemia‐modified albumin ( IMA ). Copeptin, cortisol, and IMA levels increased for the apneic dive and the static dry apnea, whereas they decreased for the SCUBA dive. Troponin, BNP , and myoglobin levels increased for the apneic dive, but were unchanged for the SCUBA dive and the static dry apnea. We conclude that hypoxia induced by apnea is the dominant trigger for the release of stress hormones and cardiac injury markers, whereas cold or and hyperbaric exposures play a minor role. These results indicate that subjects should be screened carefully for pre‐existing cardiac diseases before undertaking significant apneic maneuvers.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 86%

“…; Gargne et al. ), we have to infer marked hypoxemia in the APN‐D study from the apneic durations and levels of physical activity. However, the significant rise in IMA, a sensitive marker of hypoxia (Bar‐Or et al.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Physiological stress markers during breath‐hold diving and SCUBA diving

et al. 2019

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“…cTnI level are unchanged after breath-hold diving training session. Some authors described troponin changes related to electrographic abnormalities or stroke volume decrease [47][48][49], observed in BH-divers and attributed this to the effect of pressure and/or hypoxemia. However, cTnI level can be also related to the BH-diving technique: Marlinge et al showed an increase in cTnI during apnea session, probably a consequence of prolonged cardiac workload and hypoxemia [50].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Serum Cardiac and Skeletal Muscle Marker Changes in Repetitive Breath-hold Diving

Cialoni

Brizzolari²,

Sponsiello³

et al. 2021

Sports Med - Open

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Background Breath-hold diving (BH-diving) is associated to extreme environmental conditions, prolonged physical activity, and complex adaptation mechanisms to supply enough O2 to vital organs. Consequently, one of the biggest effects could be an increased exercise-induced muscle fatigue, in both skeletal and cardiac muscles that can induce an increase of muscles injury markers including creatine kinase (CK), aspartate transferase (AST), and alanine transferase (ALT) when concerning the skeletal muscle, cardiac creatine kinase isoenzyme (CK-MBm) and cardiac troponin I (cTnI) when concerning the cardiac muscle, and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) as index of muscle stress. The aim of this study is to investigate serum cardiac and skeletal muscle markers before and after a BH-diving training session. Results We found statistically significant increases of CK (T0: 136.1% p < 0.0001; T1: 138.5%, p < 0.0001), CK-MBm (T0: 145.1%, p < 0.0001; T1: 153.2%, p < 0.0001) LDH (T0: 110.4%, p < 0.0003; T1: 110.1%, p < 0.0013) in both T0 and T1 blood samples, as compared to basal value. AST showed a statistically significant increase only at T0 (106.8%, p < 0.0007) while ALT did not exhibit statistically significant changes. We did not find any changes in cTnI levels between pre-dive and post-dive samples. Conclusions Our data seem to indicate that during a BH-diving training session, skeletal and cardiac muscles react to physical effort releasing stress-related substances. Although the peculiar nature of BH-diving makes it difficult to understand if our results are related only to exercise induced muscle adaptation or whether acute hypoxia or a response to environmental changes (pressure) play a role to explain the observed changes, further studies are needed to better understand if these biomarker changes are linked to physical exercise or to acute hypoxia, or if both conditions play a role.

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Breath-Hold Diving – The Physiology of Diving Deep and Returning

et al. 2021

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Breath-hold diving involves highly integrative physiology and extreme responses to both exercise and asphyxia during progressive elevations in hydrostatic pressure. With astonishing depth records exceeding 100 m, and up to 214 m on a single breath, the human capacity for deep breath-hold diving continues to refute expectations. The physiological challenges and responses occurring during a deep dive highlight the coordinated interplay of oxygen conservation, exercise economy, and hyperbaric management. In this review, the physiology of deep diving is portrayed as it occurs across the phases of a dive: the first 20 m; passive descent; maximal depth; ascent; last 10 m, and surfacing. The acute risks of diving (i.e., pulmonary barotrauma, nitrogen narcosis, and decompression sickness) and the potential long-term medical consequences to breath-hold diving are summarized, and an emphasis on future areas of research of this unique field of physiological adaptation are provided.

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Cardiac alterations induced by a fish‐catching diving competition

Cited by 3 publications

References 27 publications

Physiological stress markers during breath‐hold diving and SCUBA diving

Physiological stress markers during breath‐hold diving and SCUBA diving

Serum Cardiac and Skeletal Muscle Marker Changes in Repetitive Breath-hold Diving

Breath-Hold Diving – The Physiology of Diving Deep and Returning

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