Cardanols, Long Chain Cyclohexenones and Cyclohexenols from <i>Lannea schimperi</i> (Anacardiaceae)

Okoth, Dorothy A.; Koorbanally, Neil A.

doi:10.1177/1934578x1501000126

Cited by 7 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Flavonoid compounds like catechins and its derivatives, found in L. alata , and terpenoid compounds like b -sitosterol, found in L. coromoandelica , have previously been studied for their biological activities. While catechins have shown antioxidant activity in in vitro essays, b -sitosterol has exhibited several in vitro biological activities like antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antidiabetic activities [ 96 , 107 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ethnomedicinal, Chemical, and Biological Aspects of Lannea Species—A Review

Malú,

Caldeira,

Catarino

et al. 2024

Plants

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Lannea L. genus belongs to the Anacardiaceae botanical family and has long been used in traditional medicinal systems of many countries to manage several health conditions, but no studies have been conducted regarding its usefulness as a source of herbal medicine for human use. A literature review was conducted on scientific papers indexed on B-On, Pubmed, and Web of Science databases. Our results showed that medicinal plants from this botanical genus, mostly constituted by bark and leaf, are often used to approach a wide variety of disease symptoms, like fever, inflammatory states, pain, and gastrointestinal disorders. Phytochemical profiles of Lannea species revealed that phenolic acid derivatives including hydroquinones, phenolic acids, flavonoids, condensed tannins, and triterpenoids are the main classes of secondary metabolites present. Among the total of 165 identified compounds, 57 (34.5%) are flavonoids, mostly quercetin- and myricetin-derived flavonols and catechin and epicatechin flavan-3-ol derivatives also containing a galloyl group. In vitro and in vivo studies allowed the identification of 12 different biological activities, amongst which antimicrobial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and cytotoxic activities were the most frequently cited and observed in in vitro essays. Our review contributes useful information for the scientifical validation of the use of Lannea species in traditional medicinal systems and shows that more research needs to be conducted to better understand the concrete utility of these as herbal medicines.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ethnomedicinal, Chemical, and Biological Aspects of Lannea Species—A Review

Malú,

Caldeira,

Catarino

et al. 2024

Plants

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“…The extract exhibited weak activities with an LC 50 value of 128.4 µg/ml which was higher than an LC 50 value of 16.3 µg/ml exhibited by cyclophosphamide, a standard anticancer drug[79]. Okoth and Koorbanally[81] evaluated the cytotoxicity activities of compounds isolated from the stem and root bark of L. schimperi against the Chinese hamster ovary mammalian cell-line using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) calorimetric assay with emetine as a positive control. The alkenyl cyclohexenone compounds, 5-[12'(E)-pentadecenyl]-4,5dihydroxycyclohex-2enone, 5-[14'(E)-heptadecenyl]-4,5dihydroxycyclohex-2-enone, 5-[16'(E)-nonadecenyl]-4,5dihydroxycyclohex-2-enone, and 5-[18'(E)heneicosenyl]-4,5dihydroxycyclohex-2-enone exhibited activities with IC 50 value of 8.0 µg/mL while the standard drug, emetine exhibited IC 50 value of 0.07 µg/mL [81].…”

mentioning

confidence: 81%

“…Okoth [80] and Okoth and Koorbanally [81] identified alkenyl cyclohexenones, alkenyl cyclohexanols, and cardanols from the root and stem bark extracts of L. schimperi (Table 2). Okoth [80] and Okoth and Koorbanally [81] identified triterpenes and taraxerone and taraxerol Table 3). Some of these phytochemical compounds may be responsible for the pharmacological properties associated with the species.…”

Section: Phytochemical Constituents Of L Schimperimentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Pharmacological studies on L. schimperi bark, leaf, root, and stem extracts exhibited potent in vitro and in vivo pharmacological activities including anesthetic [79], antibacterial [79,86], antifungal [86,87], anticoccidial [88], anti-inflammatory [82], antinoceceptive [82], antioxidant [83], anti-trypanosomal [89], antiulcerogenic [79], cytotoxicity [77,79,81,90], and toxicity [8,79] activities.…”

Section: Pharmacological Properties Of L Schimperimentioning

confidence: 99%

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Lannea Schimperi: Review of Its Botany, Medicinal Uses, Phytochemistry, and Biological Activities

Maroyi

2019

Asian J Pharm Clin Res

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Lannea schimperi is a well-known fruit tree and medicinal plant in tropical Africa. The current study critically reviewed the botany, medicinal uses, phytochemistry, and pharmacological activities of L. schimperi. Literature on botany, medicinal uses, phytochemical and biological activities of L. schimperi were collected from multiple internet sources including Elsevier, Google Scholar, SciFinder, Web of Science, PubMed, BMC, ScienceDirect, and Scopus. Complementary information was gathered from pre-electronic sources such as books, book chapters, theses, scientific reports, and journal articles obtained from the University Library. This study revealed that the species is used as a source of fiber, edible fruits, and herbal medicine. Phytochemical compounds identified from the species include cyclohexenones, cardanols, alkaloids, anthocyanins, anthracene glycosides, carbohydrates, cardiac glycosides, carotenoids, condensed tannins, coumarins, flavonoids, phenolic glycosides, phenols, polyoses, polyuronoids, reducing sugars, saponins, steroids, tannins, triterpenoids, and volatile compounds. Pharmacological research revealed that extracts and phytochemical constituents isolated from L. schimperi have anesthetic, antibacterial, antifungal, anticoccidial, anti-inflammatory, antinociceptive, antioxidant, anti-trypanosoma, antiulcerogenic, cytotoxicity, and toxicity activities. L. schimperi should be subjected to detailed phytochemical, pharmacological, and toxicological evaluations aimed at correlating its medicinal uses with its phytochemistry and pharmacological activities of the species.

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“…Their significant role is well known, including potential anti-inflammatory activity [3][4][5]. Furthermore, these compounds also have considerable antifungal, antibacterial, antiviral, anticancer, antiplasmodial and/or antimalarial activities [6][7][8][9][10][11][12]. Among these, one of the cyclohexenone derivatives is ethyl 6-(4-methoxyphenyl)-2-oxo-4-phenylcyclohexe-3-ene-carboxylate (Figure 1) [13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toxicological Evaluation of Novel Cyclohexenone Derivative in an Animal Model through Histopathological and Biochemical Techniques

Kamil

Fatima

Ullah

et al. 2021

Toxics

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Toxicity studies were conducted to provide safety data of potential drug candidates by determining lethal and toxic doses. This study was designed for pre-clinical evaluation of novel cyclohexenone derivative with respect to the acute and sub-acute toxicity along with the diabetogenic potential. Acute and sub-acute toxicity were assessed after intraperitoneal (i.p) injection of the investigational compound through selected doses for 21 days. This was followed by assessment of isolated body organs (liver, kidney, heart and pancreas) via biochemical indicators and histopathological techniques. No signs of toxicity were revealed in the study of acute toxicity. Similarly, a sub-acute toxicity study showed no significant difference in biochemical indicators on 11th and 21st days between treated and control groups. However, in blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and random blood glucose/sugar (RBS) values, significant differences were recorded. Histopathological evaluation of liver, kidney, pancreas and heart tissues revealed mild to severe changes in the form of steatosis, inflammation, fibrosis, necrosis and myofibrillary damages on 11th and 21st days of treatment. In conclusion, the median lethal dose of the tested compound was expected to be greater than 500 mg/kg. No significant change occurred in selected biomarkers, except BUN and RBS levels, but a histopathological study showed moderate toxic effect on liver, kidney, pancreas and heart tissues by the cyclohexenone derivative.

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Cardanols, Long Chain Cyclohexenones and Cyclohexenols from Lannea schimperi (Anacardiaceae)

Cited by 7 publications

References 26 publications

Ethnomedicinal, Chemical, and Biological Aspects of Lannea Species—A Review

Ethnomedicinal, Chemical, and Biological Aspects of Lannea Species—A Review

Lannea Schimperi: Review of Its Botany, Medicinal Uses, Phytochemistry, and Biological Activities

Toxicological Evaluation of Novel Cyclohexenone Derivative in an Animal Model through Histopathological and Biochemical Techniques

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