Cardamonin inhibits pro-inflammatory cytokine production and suppresses NO pathway in PBMCs from patients with primary Sjögren’s syndrome

Abstract

Primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS) is a systemic autoimmune disorder with a complex pathophysiology primarily affecting exocrine glands, leading to compromised secretory function. Recent studies imply that many inflammatory mediators, such as pro-inflammatory cytokines and nitric oxide, are critical in the development and perpetuation of pSS systemic manifestations. In the current study, we aimed to investigate the ex vivo immunomodulatory effect of cardamonin (CHO), on pro-inflammatory cytokines, TNF-α, IL-6 and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression during pSS. For this purpose, peripheral blood mononuclear cells isolated from pSS patients and healthy controls were cultured with different concentrations of cardamonin. Cytokine levels were measured by ELISA and NO production was assessed using the Griess method. Inducible nitric oxide synthase expression and NF-κB activity were analyzed by immunofluorescence staining. Our results suggest that cardamonin inhibits TNF-α, IL-6 and NO production and downregulates iNOS expression and NF-κB activation. Collectively, our results highlight the ex vivo immunomodulatory effects of cardamonin on pro-inflammatory cytokine production and NO pathway in pSS patients. Therefore, cardamonin is a potential candidate for controlling inflammation during pSS.

Emerging roles of cardamonin, a multitargeted nutraceutical in the prevention and treatment of chronic diseases

“…It also decreases the mRNA expression of IL-15 and monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1) ( Ren et al., 2015 ). CD also reportedly decreases the expression of the enzymes such as inducible NO) synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), thereby exerting an anti-inflammatory effect ( Kim et al., 2010 ; Qin et al, 2012 ; Benchabane et al., 2018 ). Additionally, this compound also efficiently upregulated the expression of antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione (GSH), and catalase (CAT).…”

“…(2018) Ulcerative colitis In vivo acetic acid induced ↓MPO, iNOS, NF-κB, TNFα, MDA, COX-2, caspase-3 Ali et al (2017) Nephrotoxicity In vivo cis induced nephrotoxicity ↓caspase-3, ↓Bax/Bcl-2, NOX-1, IL-1β, TNF-α, NF-κB, iNOS, MCP-1, ICAM El-Naga (2014) Neuropathic Pain In vitro PCI2 ↑Nrf2, HO-1, NQO1, Trx1, TrxR1, GCLC, GCLM; ↓LDH, caspase-3, ROS Peng et al. (2017) Sjögren's Syndrome ex vivo BMCI-pSS ↓TNF-a, IL-6, NO, iNOS, NF-қB Benchabane et al. (2018) Notations.…”

Allergic Inflammation Caused by Dimerized Translationally Controlled Tumor Protein is Attenuated by Cardamonin

“…Among chalcones, cardamonin, the cardamom spice, is present in many plants and has been extensively studied (Goncalves et al, 2014), especially in the anticancer field related to the mTOR pathway (Break et al, 2018;Niu et al, 2015;Shi et al, 2018;Xue et al, 2016;Zhou et al, 2019), inflammatory bowel disease (Ren et al, 2015;Ali et al, 2017;Wang et al, 2018), rheumatoid arthritis (Li et al, 2015;Voon et al, 2017), Sjogren's syndrome (Benchabane et al, 2018), and parasitic infection (de Castro et al, 2015). Its antitumor and anti-inflammatory effects are shown to occur by suppressing nitric oxide, TNFα and NF-kB (Li et al, 2015;Ren et al, 2015;Ali et al, 2017;Voon et al, 2017;Benchabane et al, 2018). In addition, cardamonin exhibits antiinflammatory effects rheumatoid arthritis by inhibiting the activity of NF-kB and AhR/Nrf2/NQO1 pathways (Ren et al, 2015).…”

Possible Participation of Ionotropic Glutamate Receptors and l-Arginine-Nitric Oxide-Cyclic Guanosine Monophosphate-ATP-Sensitive K+ Channel Pathway in the Antinociceptive Activity of Cardamonin in Acute Pain Animal Models

“…Both in vitro and ex vivo studies reported that cardamonin possessed inhibitory action against pro-inflammatory cytokine production [2,25]. Further studies reported the inhibitory action of cardamonin against inflammatory responses involved in the disruption of nitric oxide (NO) production and the downregulation of the iNOS expression via modulation of the NF-ҡB pathway [3,25,26]. An in vivo study with lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-challenged ICR mice model reported that cardamonin also suppressed the generation of nitric oxide [27].…”