Carcinoma of the Gallbladder

Fahim, Ramafis B.; McDonald, John R.; Richards, James H.; Ferris, Deward O.

doi:10.1097/00000658-196207000-00021

Cited by 272 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…Classical studies using staining methods have reported that the hepatic side of the gallbladder is drained by short cystic veins (2–20 in number) directly connecting with intrahepatic portal veins, while the peritoneal side is usually drained by 1 or 2 cystic veins terminating in the adjacent liver parenchyma or venous plexus at the hepatic hilum. [13, 16] As such, it is easy to speculate that the density of vascular structures and the length of the drainage route from the tumor to first-echelon lymph nodes or the liver affect the incidence of vascular invasion and metastasis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tumor Location Is a Strong Predictor of Tumor Progression and Survival in T2 Gallbladder Cancer

Shindoh¹,

et al. 2015

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Objective To determine the prognostic impact of tumor location in gallbladder cancer. Summary Background Data Depth of tumor is a strong predictor of survival after curative resection of gallbladder cancer. However, the gallbladder has a unique anatomical relationship with the liver, and the clinical significance of tumor location remains unclear. Methods For 437 patients with gallbladder cancer resected at 4 international institutions, clinicopathologic characteristics and their association with survival were analyzed. Tumor location was defined as “hepatic side” or “peritoneal side”, and the prognostic significance of tumor location was evaluated. Results Among the 252 patients with T2 disease, patients with tumors on the hepatic side (T2h, n=99) had higher rates of vascular invasion, neural invasion, and nodal metastasis than patients with tumors on the peritoneal side (T2p, n=153) (51% vs. 19%, 33% vs. 8%, and 40% vs. 17%, respectively, P<0.01 for all). After a median follow-up of 58.9 months, 3-year and 5-year survival rates were 52.1% and 42.6%, respectively, for T2h tumors and 73.7% and 64.7%, respectively, for T2p tumors (P=0.0006). No such differences were observed in T1 or T3 tumors. Multivariate analysis confirmed the independent association of hepatic-side location with survival in T2 tumors (hazard ratio, 2.7; 95% CI, 1.7 to 4.2; P<0.001). This subclassification of T2 tumors predicted recurrence in the liver (23% vs. 3%, P=0.003) and distant lymph nodes (16% vs. 3%, P=0.019) even after radical resection. Conclusions After curative resection of T2 gallbladder cancer, tumor location predicts the pattern of recurrence and survival.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tumor Location Is a Strong Predictor of Tumor Progression and Survival in T2 Gallbladder Cancer

Shindoh¹,

et al. 2015

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“…The most common site of distant metastasis is the liver followed by regional lymph nodes [ 1 , 2 ] . Metastasis from the gallbladder can virtually involve every organ and the skeletal system is the least frequent site [ 1–3 ] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Solitary skeletal metastasis in carcinoma gallbladder: two case reports

Prakash

Aiyappan²,

Kumar³

et al. 2010

Cancer Imaging

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“…We detected regional lymph node micrometastasis in one of the three patients, but not in the other two. The route of lymphatic drainage from the biliary tract is via the regional nodes to the abdominal para-aortic lymph nodes [26,27,28], but the present results indicate skip metastasis. However, regional lymph node micrometastasis might have been identified had we cut more sections from more patients with only para-aortic lymph node micrometastasis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 53%

“…Para-aortic lymph node metastasis is associated with a poor prognosis for patients with biliary cancer [23,24,25]; such lymph nodes represent the final nodes in the abdominal lymphatic system from the biliary tract [26,27,28]. The survival of patients with positive para-aortic lymph nodes without distant metastasis is as poor as that of patients with hepatic or peritoneal involvement [23].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Para-Aortic Lymph Node Micrometastasis in Patients with Node-Negative Biliary Cancer

et al. 2011

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Background/Aims: The presence of para-aortic lymph node metastasis in biliary cancer negatively impacts prognosis. The present study aims to immunohistochemically identify and evaluate the clinical significance of para-aortic lymph node micrometastases in 66 patients who had undergone curative resection of biliary cancer. Methods: We used an antibody against cytokeratins 7 and 8 (CAM5.2) to immunostain 529 para-aortic lymph nodes that were negative according to conventional analysis from 66 patients with biliary cancer. Results: We detected CAM5.2-positive occult carcinoma cells in para-aortic lymph nodes from 3 (5%) of the 66 patients and in 3 (0.6%) of the 529 para-aortic lymph nodes. One of the 3 patients also had micrometastasis in the regional lymph nodes. All 3 patients with para-aortic lymph node micrometastasis are alive at 45, 48 and 90 months after surgery despite having locally advanced cancer. Conclusions: Occult cancer cells were identified in para-aortic lymph nodes from 5% of patients with node-negative biliary cancer, yet these patients have survived over the long term. The presence of para-aortic nodal micrometastasis might not have an influence on survival. However, further studies using a greater number of patients are required to support this notion.

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Carcinoma of the Gallbladder

Cited by 272 publications

References 3 publications

Tumor Location Is a Strong Predictor of Tumor Progression and Survival in T2 Gallbladder Cancer

Tumor Location Is a Strong Predictor of Tumor Progression and Survival in T2 Gallbladder Cancer

Solitary skeletal metastasis in carcinoma gallbladder: two case reports

Para-Aortic Lymph Node Micrometastasis in Patients with Node-Negative Biliary Cancer

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