Carcinoma of the breast during pregnancy: a review and update on treatment options

Bernik, Stephanie F.; Bernik, Thomas R.; Whooley, Brian P.; Wallack, Marc K.

doi:10.1016/s0960-7404(98)00022-x

Cited by 23 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Historically pregnancy-associated breast cancer was thought to be rapid in course, excessively malignant, and incurable [12,13]. More recently, the prognosis of gestational breast cancer has been shown to be similar to that of nonpregnant women when age and stage at presentation are accounted for (Table 1) [4,14,15].…”

Section: Prognosismentioning

confidence: 99%

Pregnancy-Associated Breast Cancer: A Literature Review

Barnes

Newman

2007

Surgical Clinics of North America

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Breast cancer, along with cervical cancer, is one of the most commonly diagnosed cancers of pregnancy. Most would define gestational breast cancer as breast cancer that is diagnosed during pregnancy, lactation, and up to 12 months post-partum. The diagnostic and therapeutic implications in this clinical setting are special. These women typically present with a more advanced-stage disease that carries an associated poorer prognosis. Physicians thus are challenged to balance aggressive maternal care with appropriate modifications that will ensure fetal protection. . Of women diagnosed with breast cancer younger than 40 years, only approximately 10% will be pregnant [2,3]. These data certainly suggest a low incidence of pregnancy-associated breast cancer. In fact, historically, the incidence is estimated at 1 in 3000 pregnancies [4][5][6]. Despite the overall low incidence, however, gestational breast cancer is one of the most common pregnancy-associated malignancies, second only to cervical cancer [4,6]. Notably, many have offered that this incidence will only increase as more women delay childbearing until later in life [4,7]. This concern is based on the fact that pregnancy-associated breast cancer is age-related, and women

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Section: Prognosismentioning

confidence: 99%

Pregnancy-Associated Breast Cancer: A Literature Review

Barnes

Newman

2007

Surgical Clinics of North America

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“…O comprometimento linfonodal axilar continua sendo comum em pacientes grávidas e lactantes [1][2][3]11,16 . Isso se deve ao estádio clínico avançado no momento do diagnóstico e está intimamente relacionado ao prognóstico e intervalo livre de doença.…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

“…Algumas séries modernas de tipo caso/controle 10,11 indicam que a gravidez é um fator de risco que independe do estádio por ocasião do diagnóstico. De maneira oposta, outros relatos indicam que a gravidez está associada a estádio mais avançado por ocasião do diagnóstico, porém, quando comparadas às mulheres não grávidas com o mesmo estádio clínico, não se verificaram diferenças significativas com relação à sobrevida e intervalo livre de doença [12][13][14] .…”

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