Carcinoma lung: Clinical presentation, diagnosis, and its surgical management

Abstract

The aim of this article is to review the surgical management of lung carcinoma. Lung cancer is the most common cancer in the world, and a leading cause of death in men and women. By any conventional measure, the enormity of this global problem is immense. In some countries incidence and mortality rates have peaked and are beginning to decline. In many developing nations, the burden of disease is rising and will continue to rise because of aggressive tobacco industry marketing which is leading to a growing prevalence of cigarette smoking. This is also one of the major causes of cancer deaths in our Kashmir valley. The method of literature search was from articles published in PubMed and Google Scholar.

In situ Pulmonary Artery Thrombosis: A Previously Overlooked Disease

“…The main pathogenesis for in situ PAT is deemed as pulmonary local factors including pulmonary vascular endothelial cell dysfunction, hypoxia, and inflammation (Bennett et al, 2009;López and Chen, 2009). Chest contusion and blast injury destroy pulmonary alveolar capillaries and blood-air barrier, leading to exudation into pulmonary interstitia (Ganie et al, 2013). Besides, the patients with pulmonary trauma tend to have atelectasis, which impairs gas exchange and deteriorates hypoxia.…”

Urban thoracic trauma: diagnosis and initial treatment of non-cardiac injuries in adults

“…Lung contusion (LC), primarily a result of blunt thoracic trauma, occurs in approximately 25-35% of such cases (Figure 5C) (18). LC can also emerge from blast-related lung injury during explosions or penetrating trauma due to shock wave effects (19,20).…”

“…Pathologically, LC manifests as alveolar capillary damage, leading to blood and fluid accumulation in lung parenchyma. This impairs gas exchange, results in ventilation/perfusion mismatch, reduces compliance, and induces hypoxia (18). LC may exhibit an unpredictable clinical course, possibly culminating in acute respiratory acidosis necessitating mechanical ventilation and raising concerns about acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS).…”

Differential Diagnosis of Asthma

“…Lung cancer accounts for 1.3 million deaths worldwide (WHO 2003). Lung parenchyma has limited sensory innervation, and primary lung cancers may reach a considerable size before becoming symptomatic (Ganie et al 2013). The most common early symptom is cough, which occurs due to bronchial irritation or obstruction in up to 70-90% of patients.…”

“…Hemoptysis can result from ulceration of bronchial tissue from tumor invasion or tumor necrosis and is an early symptom in 25-40% of patients. Wheezing can occur in 2-10% of lung cancer patients due to partial bronchial obstruction, usually from a hilar tumor (Ganie et al 2013).…”