Carcinoid lung tumors – incidence, treatment and outcomes: a population-based study

Naalsund, Anne; Rostad, Hans; Strøm, Erik H.; Lund, May Brit; Strand, Trond Eirik

doi:10.1016/j.ejcts.2010.08.036

Cited by 104 publications

(91 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…This is particularly true for neuroendocrine carcinomas that present in the lung or thymic gland, as both these sites can not only harbor either primary neuroendocrine carcinomas but are also often the site of metastatic deposits. Important to note in this context is the fact that low and intermediate [8][9][10] Females are more commonly affected. For low grade pulmonary neuroendocrine carcinomas, survival rates vary from 87-100% at 5 years and 87-93% at 10 years while intermediate grade neuroendocrine carcinomas show 40-66% 5-year and 31-59% 10-year survival.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For low grade pulmonary neuroendocrine carcinomas, survival rates vary from 87-100% at 5 years and 87-93% at 10 years while intermediate grade neuroendocrine carcinomas show 40-66% 5-year and 31-59% 10-year survival. [9][10][11][12][13] On the other hand, low and intermediate grade neuroendocrine carcinomas arising from the thymic gland have a strong male predominance with a mean age at diagnosis of 58 years. Contrary to pulmonary neuroendocrine carcinomas, these tumors are often associated with endocrine disturbances.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Age at presentation, gender predominance and survival mirrored the data of previous studies. 3,[8][9][10][11][12][13] On an immunohistochemical level, expression of TTF-1 was noted in 76% of our pulmonary neuroendocrine carcinoma cases, although the staining was often weak requiring careful evaluation of the material. Interestingly, two of the pulmonary neuroendocrine carcinomas also showed weak staining with PAX8, a finding that has not been noted before.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Comparative immunohistochemical analysis of pulmonary and thymic neuroendocrine carcinomas using PAX8 and TTF-1

et al. 2013

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PAX8 is expressed in thymic epithelial neoplasms and a subset of neuroendocrine carcinomas of gastrointestinal origin but not pulmonary neuroendocrine carcinomas. Thyroid transcription factor 1 (TTF-1) is known to be positive in pulmonary neuroendocrine carcinomas, but studies investigating its expression in thymic neuroendocrine carcinomas are lacking. To date, there are no comprehensive studies focusing on the comparative expression of PAX8 or TTF-1 in pulmonary and thymic neuroendocrine carcinoma. Twenty-five cases of low and intermediate grade neuroendocrine carcinomas of pulmonary and thymic origin, respectively, were selected for immunohistochemical studies using antibodies directed against PAX8 and TTF-1. The percentage of positive tumor cells as well as the intensity of staining were evaluated and scored. Twenty-one of the pulmonary neuroendocrine carcinomas were classified as low grade (typical carcinoid) and 4 as intermediate grade (atypical carcinoid) tumors; the thymic tumors consisted of 8 low grade and 17 intermediate grade neuroendocrine carcinomas. Only 2 (8%) of the pulmonary tumors showed nuclear expression of PAX8 while 19 (76%) expressed TTF-1. Of the thymic tumors, 8 (32%) were positive for PAX8 and 2 (8%) showed TTF-1 positivity. Primary neuroendocrine carcinomas of the thymus are rare neoplasms that display a more aggressive clinical course than pulmonary neuroendocrine carcinomas, highlighting the importance of the separation of these tumors. To date, there are no specific immunomarkers to distinguish between neuroendocrine carcinomas of pulmonary and thymic origin. The differential expression of PAX8 and TTF-1 may prove useful in this context as a PAX8 þ /TTF-1 À immunophenotype appears to be more common in thymic neuroendocrine carcinomas, whereas the reverse (PAX8 À /TTF-1 þ ) is true for most pulmonary neuroendocrine carcinomas.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Comparative immunohistochemical analysis of pulmonary and thymic neuroendocrine carcinomas using PAX8 and TTF-1

et al. 2013

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“…Lung ACs are often greater than 0.5 cm in size and originate from naturally occurring neuroendocrine cells of the tracheobronchial epithelium (1). They are more prevalent in older females with a predominance in Caucasians (2,3). Rarely, they are seen in the pediatric population.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Rarely, they are seen in the pediatric population. Patients are often asymptomatic or may present with vague pulmonary symptoms like cough, hemoptysis, wheezing, or recurrent pneumonia (3). Patients may also present with symptoms of Cushing syndrome and carcinoid syndrome (bronchospasm, flushing, and diarrhea).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Do we really care about incidental lung nodules?—Review of atypical lung carcinoid and a proposal for systematic patient follow up

Motiwala

Bansal

Goyal

et al. 2017

Transl. Lung Cancer Res.

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This article describes a nonsmoker female with enlarging solitary pulmonary nodule who was initially lost to follow up, subsequently operated and with final pathology revealing atypical lung carcinoid. This case stress on the schematic follow up of these incidentally detected pulmonary nodules. Inspired from the mandatory lay mammography report letters recommended by ACR, this article proposes sending lay letters to patients for pulmonary nodule follow up, directly from the Radiology Department to reinforce the importance of timely follow up, which will complement the information provided to the patient from their primary care physician or pulmonologist's office.

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Assessment of the prognostic factors in patients with pulmonary carcinoid tumor: a population‐based study

Huang¹,

Yang²,

Lu³

et al. 2018

Cancer Medicine

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Previous studies have identified potential risk factors for pulmonary carcinoid tumors and evaluated the effect of various treatments; however, the results were not entirely consistent. We conducted a population‐based study to further explore relevant prognostic issues. We extracted cases with pulmonary carcinoid tumors from the Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results database. Cox proportional hazard regression was utilized to identify potential significant risk factors, which helped establish a nomogram for predicting long‐term survival. Survival analysis and a competing risk study were conducted to evaluate the value of different surgical approaches. There were 7057 cases included in the study. Univariate and multivariate analyses showed that age, sex, tumor size, stage, histology, surgical type, chemotherapy, and radiation therapy were all significant prognostic factors. A nomogram with good accuracy for predicting 10‐year survival was formulated. Furthermore, patients who had undergone surgery had a significantly better survival than those who did not undergo surgery. There was no significant prognostic difference between lobectomy and sublobectomy stratified by tumor stage; however, lobectomy was associated with a significantly better survival in atypical tumors, especially those with regional disease. Our research identified possible risk factors in a large cohort and constructed a nomogram to visually predict 10‐year survival of pulmonary carcinoid tumors. We showed that lobectomy and sublobectomy should be considered as the mainstay of treatment, especially lobectomies for atypical tumor.

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Carcinoid lung tumors – incidence, treatment and outcomes: a population-based study

Cited by 104 publications

References 14 publications

Comparative immunohistochemical analysis of pulmonary and thymic neuroendocrine carcinomas using PAX8 and TTF-1

Comparative immunohistochemical analysis of pulmonary and thymic neuroendocrine carcinomas using PAX8 and TTF-1

Do we really care about incidental lung nodules?—Review of atypical lung carcinoid and a proposal for systematic patient follow up

Assessment of the prognostic factors in patients with pulmonary carcinoid tumor: a population‐based study

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