Carcinogenicity of an oxidation product of <i>p</i>-phenylenediamine

Rojanapo, Wannee; Kupradinun, Piangchai; Tepsuwan, Anong; Chutimataewin, Sopa; Tanyakaset, Manu

doi:10.1093/carcin/7.12.1997

Cited by 55 publications

(25 citation statements)

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“…Components of temporary tattoos and hair dye ingredients, namely para-aminophenol (PAP) and para-phenylenediamine (PPD), have been reported to be carcinogenic and transformed in human skin [83,84]. However, other studies suggest that consumer or professional exposure to hair dyes poses no carcinogenic or other human health risks [85].…”

Section: Results – Melanoma Risk Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Associations between environmental factors and incidence of cutaneous melanoma. Review

et al. 2012

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BackgroundCutaneous melanoma is one of the most serious skin cancers. It is caused by neural crest-derived melanocytes - pigmented cells normally present in the epidermis and, sometimes, in the dermis.MethodsWe performed a review of current knowledge on the risk factors of cutaneous melanoma. Relevant studies were identified using the PubMed, Science Direct, Medline, Scopus, Scholar Google and ISI Web of Knowledge databases.ResultsMelanoma incurs a considerable public health burden owing to the worldwide dramatic rise in incidence since the mid-1960s. Ultraviolet radiation exposure is the predominant environmental risk factor. The role of geographical (latitude) and individual factors such as skin type, life style, vitamin D levels and antioxidant protection, sunburn, and exposure to other environmental factors possibly contributing to melanoma risk (such as cosmetics including sunscreen, photosensitising drugs, and exogenous hormones) are reviewed in this article. Recently, both rare high risk susceptibility genes and common polymorphic genes contributing to melanoma risk have been identified.ConclusionsCutaneous melanoma is a complex cancer with heterogeneous aetiology that continues to increase in incidence. Introduction of new biomarkers may help to elucidate the mechanism of pathogenesis and individual susceptibility to the disease, and make both prevention and treatment more effective.

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Section: Results – Melanoma Risk Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Associations between environmental factors and incidence of cutaneous melanoma. Review

et al. 2012

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“…23 In fact, researchers have observed that the mammary gland of female rats was the primary target organ of the oxidation product of PPD. 24 This organ has also been shown to be highly susceptible to tumor induction by 2,4diaminotoluene and a wide range of N-substituted aromatic amines. The mechanism by which these compounds induce the tumors may be related to the presence of N,O-acetyltransferases in the mammary gland that are responsible for the formation of N-acyloxyarylamines.…”

Section: Commentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Personal Use of Hair Dyes and Hematolymphopoietic Malignancies

Miligi¹,

Costantini²,

Benvenuti³

et al. 2005

Archives of Environmental & Occupational Health

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In the context of a population-based case-control study in Italy, the authors investigated the possible association between the personal use of hair dyes and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL), leukemia, multiple myeloma, and Hodgkin's disease. They collected all incident cases of hematolymphopoietic malignancies; the control group was formed with a random sample of the general population. Overall, the authors interviewed 2,737 research subjects and 1,779 control subjects. Among women, the authors found no association between ever using hair dyes and the risk of hematolymphopoietic malignancies. However, for permanent hair dyes, the authors observed a slightly increased risk of lymphocytic leukemia (odds ratio [OR] = 1.3; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.8-2.2) and of follicular subtypes of NHL (OR= 1.3; 95% CI = 0.8-2.0). Women who used black hair dye colors were at an increased risk of developing leukemia (OR = 1.9; 95% CI = 1.0-3.4), in particular chronic lymphocytic leukemia (OR = 3.0; 95% CI = 1.1-7.5). In spite of the lack of information on the timing and frequency of hair dye use and the imprecision of the ORs, associations were suggested between leukemia and permanent black hair dye use and follicular NHL and the use of permanent hair dyes.

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“…Topical and subcutaneous administration of p-phenylenediamine in mixtures like those used for hair dyeing induced tumours in the mammary gland, in the uterus and in soft tissues in rats (Table 7, [116]). …”

Section: Carcinogenicitymentioning

confidence: 99%

p‐Phenylenediamine [MAK Value Documentation, 1993]

2012

The MAK‐Collection for Occupational Health and Safety

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Published in the series Occupational Toxicants , Vol. 6 (1993) The article contains sections titled: Toxic Effects and Modes of Action Pharmacokinetics Effects in Man Acute toxicity Effects on skin and mucous membranes Allergenic effects Chronic toxicity Effects on Animals Acute toxicity Effects on skin and mucous membranes Allergenic effects Chronic Toxicity Reproductive and Developmental Toxicity Genotoxicity Carcinogenicity Manifesto (MAK value, classification)

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Carcinogenicity of an oxidation product of p-phenylenediamine

Cited by 55 publications

References 0 publications

Associations between environmental factors and incidence of cutaneous melanoma. Review

Associations between environmental factors and incidence of cutaneous melanoma. Review

Personal Use of Hair Dyes and Hematolymphopoietic Malignancies

p‐Phenylenediamine [MAK Value Documentation, 1993]

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