Carcinogenicity in mice of a mutagenic compound, 2-amino-3-methylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoline, from broiled sardine, cooked beef and beef extract

Abstract

A potent mutagenic compound, 2-amino-3-methylimidazo-[4,5-f]quinoline (IQ), isolated from broiled sardines, cooked beef and beef extract was tested for carcinogenicity in CDF1 mice of both sexes. Mice were given diet containing 0.03% IQ or control diet for up to 675 days. Tumors were observed mainly in the liver, forestomach and lung. In the mice given IQ, the incidences of these tumors were as follows: liver tumors - 41% in males and 75% in females; tumors of the forestomach - 41% in males and 31% in females; lung tumors - 69% in males and 42% in females. In the control mice, incidences of these tumors were as follows: liver tumors - 9% in males and 8% in females; tumors of the forestomach - 3% in males and 0% in females; lung tumors - 21% in males and 18% in females. The incidences of tumors in the liver, forestomach and lung were significantly higher in mice given IQ than in control mice.

Red and processed meat intake and risk of colorectal adenomas: a systematic review and meta-analysis of epidemiological studies

“…Heterocyclic amines and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, meat mutagens that are formed during frying and barbecuing of meats, have been shown to be gastrointestinal carcinogens in experimental animal studies (81). These compounds can form DNA adducts and induce genetic alterations characteristic of colorectal tumors (82).…”

Induction of Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Nonhuman Primates by the Food Mutagen 2-Amino-3-Methylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoline

“…Ten of these food mutagens including IQ have been shown to be carcinogenic when administered to mice and rats (4-8). IQ was found to induce tumors of the liver, lung, and forestomach in mice and of the small and large intestine, mammary gland, liver, oral cavity, and Zymbal gland in rats (4,5,8). Based on chemical structure, mutagenic activity in vitro, concentration in cooked foods, carcinogenic activity in rodents, and availability, we selected three compounds for study in nonhuman primates: IQ, 2-amino-3,8-dimethylimidazo [4,5-flquinoxaline (8-MeIQx), and 2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo [4,5, b]pyridine (PhIP) (9).…”

Lung as a new target in rats of 2‐amino‐3‐methylimidazo[4,5‐f]quinoline carcinogenesis: Results of a two‐stage model initiated with N‐bis(2‐hydroxypropyl)nitrosamine

“…(11) Thus, it is possible that genotoxic effects are responsible for the positive results with IQ in the present DHPN two-stage carcinogenesis model. In CDF 1 mice, the lung was previously reported as a target of IQ (5) but the lungs did not demonstrate lesions in one rat study. (4) Also, no other HCAs have so far shown carcinogenicity in the rat lung.…”

“…(3) It has been established to act as a complete carcinogen in the liver, colon, small intestine, Zymbal's gland, clitoral gland and skin of F344 rats (4) and in the lungs of CDF 1 mice. (5) Of several carcinogenic HCAs, none have hitherto demonstrated lung carcinogenicity in rats (6) although we recently suggested that IQ might be an exception. (7) Thus, we incidentally found that incidences of alveolar hyperplasias, adenomas and adenocarcinomas in the lung were significantly increased in a group given 300 p.p.m.…”