Carcinogenicity and chronic toxicity of di-2-ethylhexyl terephthalate (DEHT) following a 2-year dietary exposure in Fischer 344 rats

Deyo, James A.

doi:10.1016/j.fct.2007.10.037

Cited by 43 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…DEHT is an isomer of DEHP based on terephthalic acid ( Figure 3). The structural differences from DEHP (the two carboxylic groups of DEHT are located in the paraposition while in DEHP they are located in ortho-position) have important implications for the toxicological profile of the compound [31]. The different behavior is attributed to their different metabolic end-products.…”

Section: 11a Phthalatesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recently, the toxicity of DEHT in terms of acute, geno, subchronic, chronic, reproductive and developmental toxicity has been assessed [31,[36][37][38][39]. These studies showed low acute toxicity by oral route in rats with LD 50 reported at > 5000 mg/kg for male rats and 5000 mg/kg for male mice [40].…”

Section: 11a Phthalatesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Deyo et al [31] investigated chronic toxicity and carcinogenicity induced by dietary exposure to DEHT for 2 years at levels up to 12,000 ppm in Sprague-Dawley rats.…”

Section: 11a Phthalatesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Perspectives on alternatives to phthalate plasticized poly(vinyl chloride) in medical devices applications

Chiellini

Ferri

Morelli

et al. 2013

Progress in Polymer Science

285

256

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Poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) is one of the most important polymeric materials available today and is used to manufacture many items, ranging from packaging and toys to healthcare devices. PVC is per se a rigid material but it is made softer by compounding with plasticizers, particularly phthalate esters such as di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP). In flexible plasticizer PVC (P-PVC), phthalates are not chemically bound to PVC and they are released into the external environment. In particular, prolonged contact of P-PVC based medical devices with body fluids or tissues has been shown to be associated with severe health risks. Major concerns regarding the safety of P-PVC in medical plastic items have been raised, and several alternatives to phthalates and to P-PVC itself as well as chemical/physical treatments of P-PVC to reduce DEHP migration have been proposed. This review outlines recent scientific approaches for preventing DEHP contamination of humans by P-PVC medical devices, highlighting the impact of the proposed alternative materials on human health and strategies for implementing them

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Section: 11a Phthalatesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: 11a Phthalatesmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Perspectives on alternatives to phthalate plasticized poly(vinyl chloride) in medical devices applications

Chiellini

Ferri

Morelli

et al. 2013

Progress in Polymer Science

285

256

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Phthalates and their metabolites have displayed negative effects on various organs, and act as potent endocrine disrupting chemicals that cause deleterious pre‐ and postnatal developmental effects, notably in males . Bans of DEHP by the European Union and the United States in children's articles has spurred the development of less‐toxic PVC plasticizer alternatives . A strategy known as tethering involves covalently bonding a plasticizer to PVC.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[16][17][18][19] Bans of DEHP by the European Union [20][21][22][23] and the United States 24 in children's articles has spurred the development of less-toxic PVC plasticizer alternatives. 4,[25][26][27][28][29][30][31] A strategy known as tethering involves covalently bonding a plasticizer to PVC. This prevents leaching and migration, leading to internally plasticized materials.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nonmigratory internal plasticization of poly(vinyl chloride) via pendant triazoles bearing alkyl or polyether esters

Higa

Tek

Wojtecki

et al. 2018

J. Polym. Sci. Part A: Polym. Chem.

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Branched and linear nonmigratory internal plasticizers attached to PVC by a pendant triazole linkage were synthesized and investigated. Copper‐free azide‐alkyne thermal cycloaddition was employed to covalently bind triazole‐based phthalate mimics to PVC. To systematically investigate the effect of plasticizer structure on glass transition temperature, several architectural motifs were explored. Free volume theory was considered when designing many of these internal plasticizers: hexyl‐tethers were utilized to generate additional space between the triazole‐phthalate mimic and the polymer backbone. Miscibility of these triazole‐plasticizers in PVC is important: variation of the ester moieties on the triazole possessing alkyl and/or poly(ethylene oxide) chains produced a wide range of glass transition temperatures (Tg): from anti‐plasticizing 96 °C, to highly efficient plasticized materials exhibiting Tg values as low as −42 °C. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2018, 56, 2397–2411

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Esters of Aromatic Diacids (Phthalates)

Greim

2023

Patty's Toxicology

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Phthalate esters are used as plasticizers for a variety of plastic materials; those of C8 and above are used to add flexibility to polyvinyl chloride (PVC). They also are used with vinyl and cellulose resins to lend toughness and flexibility. They are commonly used in wire and cable coverings, moldings, vinyl consumer products, and medical devices. Some low‐molecular‐weight phthalate esters (e.g., methyl, ethyl, and butyl) are preferentially used as industrial solvents and in consumer products, such as ink and lacquer. Phthalates occur mainly in liquid form with high boiling ranges and very low vapor pressures, both contributing to the high stability of these materials. The critical health effects of phthalate esters like DEHP, butylbenzyl phthalate (BBP), di‐ iso ‐butyl phthalate (DIBP), di‐ n ‐butyl phthalate (DNBP), and dipentyl phthalate (DPP) are their interaction with the endogenous production of fetal testicular testosterone in rats. This impairs the reproduction of rodents by decreasing sperm production so that ECHA has labeled this group as toxic for reproduction (1B), whereas high molecular phthalates (HMP) such as DINP do not warrant classification for effects on sexual function, fertility, and developmental toxicity. Currently, di‐isononylphthalate (DINP) is replacing di(2‐ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) widely in industrial and consumer products. Photodegradation half‐lives of dimethyl‐ and diethylphthalate are about 14 and 3 days, respectively, those of the other esters below 1 day. Half‐lives of aerobic degradation differ largely. The acute aquatic EC or LD50 values determined in algae, daphnids, and minnows mostly did not show effects at the solubility limits. Legal limits of European Commission (EC) for phthalates in plastic layer in direct contact with food are as follows: DBP up to 0.3 mg/kg, BBP, up to 30 mg/kg, DEHP, up to 1.5 mg/kg, sum of DINP and DIDP up to 9 mg/kg.

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Carcinogenicity and chronic toxicity of di-2-ethylhexyl terephthalate (DEHT) following a 2-year dietary exposure in Fischer 344 rats

Cited by 43 publications

References 23 publications

Perspectives on alternatives to phthalate plasticized poly(vinyl chloride) in medical devices applications

Perspectives on alternatives to phthalate plasticized poly(vinyl chloride) in medical devices applications

Nonmigratory internal plasticization of poly(vinyl chloride) via pendant triazoles bearing alkyl or polyether esters

Esters of Aromatic Diacids (Phthalates)

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