Carcinogenic Potency of Airborne Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Relation to the Particle Fraction Size

Pehnec, Gordana; Jakovljević, Ivana

doi:10.3390/ijerph15112485

Cited by 41 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 49 publications

(148 reference statements)

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“…PAHs are ubiquitous environmental toxicants and AhR ligands. However, until now, only existing air quality standards focus exclusively on benzo(a)pyrene (B[a]P), a member of PAH, bound to the PM 10 fraction (Pehnec and Jakovljević, 2018), with few results of the effects of PAH binding to PM in human health.…”

Section: Skin Aging and Air Pollutionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental Stressors on Skin Aging. Mechanistic Insights

et al. 2019

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The skin is the main barrier that protects us against environmental stressors (physical, chemical, and biological). These stressors, combined with internal factors, are responsible for cutaneous aging. Furthermore, they negatively affect the skin and increase the risk of cutaneous diseases, particularly skin cancer. This review addresses the impact of environmental stressors on skin aging, especially those related to general and specific external factors (lifestyle, occupation, pollutants, and light exposure). More specifically, we have evaluated ambient air pollution, household air pollutants from non-combustion sources, and exposure to light (ultraviolet radiation and blue and red light). We approach the molecular pathways involved in skin aging and pathology as a result of exposure to these external environmental stressors. Finally, we reflect on how components of environmental stress can interact with ultraviolet radiation to cause cell damage and the critical importance of knowing the mechanisms to develop new therapies to maintain the skin without damage in old age and to repair its diseases.

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Section: Skin Aging and Air Pollutionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental Stressors on Skin Aging. Mechanistic Insights

et al. 2019

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“…Studies regarding PAH in PM 1 were carried out only at a few urban locations in Europe [ 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 ]. It was found that the levels varied significantly between heating and non-heating season [ 22 , 23 , 26 ]. The highest concentrations were observed during winter in areas where coal and wood burning were used for heating [ 22 , 24 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pollution Sources and Carcinogenic Risk of PAHs in PM1 Particle Fraction in an Urban Area

Jakovljević

Štrukil

Godec

et al. 2020

IJERPH

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Airborne particles are composed of inorganic species and organic compounds. PM1 particles, with an aerodynamic diameter smaller than 1 μm, are considered to be important in the context of adverse health effects. Many compounds bound to particulate matter, such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), are suspected to be genotoxic, mutagenic, and carcinogenic. In this study, PAHs in the PM1 particle fraction were measured for one year (1/1/2018–31/12/2018). The measuring station was located in the northern residential part of Zagreb, the Croatian capital, close to a street with modest traffic. Significant differences were found between PAH concentrations during cold (January–March, October–December) and warm (April–September) periods of the year. In general, the mass concentrations of PAHs characteristic for car exhausts (benzo(ghi)perylene (BghiP), indeno(1,2,3-cd)pyrene (IP), and benzo(b)fluoranthene (BbF)) were higher during the whole year than concentrations of fluoranthene (Flu) and pyrene (Pyr), which originated mostly from domestic heating and biomass burning. Combustion of diesel and gasoline from vehicles was found to be one of the main PAH sources. The incremental lifetime cancer risk (ILCR) was estimated for three age groups of populations and the results were much lower than the acceptable risk level (1 × 10−6). However, more than ten times higher PAH concentrations in the cold part of the year, as well as associated health risk, emphasize the need for monitoring of PAHs in PM1. These data represent a valuable tool in future plans and actions to control PAH sources and to improve the quality of life of urban populations.

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“…Transportation is also a source of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) whose concentrations increase especially in winter. These are detrimental to healt, both as isolated compounds and as a component of dust [8]. Diesel engine exhaust fumes are particularly critical which -besides PAHs rich in nitro groupscontain carbon and metals [2].…”

Section: Sources Of Air Pollutionmentioning

confidence: 99%

‘Smoging kills’ – Effects of air pollution on human respiratory system

Grzywa-Celińska¹,

Krusiński²,

Milanowski³

2020

Ann Agric Environ Med.

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Atmospheric pollution suspended in humid air is popularly known as 'smog'. It is composed of dust particles of different sizes, as well as non-metal oxides, organic compounds, and heavy metals. Exposure to harmful substances suspended in the air -apart from, for example -smoking cigarettes, one of the modifiable factors leading to the development of respiratory diseases. There are six types of substances present in the air that have a negative impact on public health and result in significant consequences: ozone, particulate matter (PM) of different diameters -PM2.5µ, PM2.5-10 µ, PM10 µ, nitrogen dioxide, sulphur dioxide, carbon monoxide and lead. Particular attention is given to small dust particles (PM10 and PM2.5) because they can penetrate into the lower respiratory tract. Apart from describing the composition of smog and sources of air pollution, the article also discusses the impact of atmospheric pollutants on both development and aggravation of the symptoms of such respiratory tract diseases as asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, respiratory infections and lung cancer. Some of legal measures applied in different countries aimed at reducing exposure to noxious air pollutants are reviewed. The authors believe that the increased focus on risks arising from inhaling toxic air pollution may be a first step for developing systemic solutions aimed at resolving or, at least, decreasing those risks.

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Carcinogenic Potency of Airborne Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Relation to the Particle Fraction Size

Cited by 41 publications

References 49 publications

Environmental Stressors on Skin Aging. Mechanistic Insights

Environmental Stressors on Skin Aging. Mechanistic Insights

Pollution Sources and Carcinogenic Risk of PAHs in PM1 Particle Fraction in an Urban Area

‘Smoging kills’ – Effects of air pollution on human respiratory system

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