Carcinogenic organic content of particulate matter at urban locations with different pollution sources

Pehnec, Gordana; Jakovljević, Ivana; Godec, Ranka; Štrukil, Zdravka Sever; Žero, Sabina; Huremović, Jasna; Džepina, K.

doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139414

Cited by 32 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 58 publications

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“…The target PAHs being mainly associated with the finest particles, results can be compared to data obtained from PM 10 for similar mixtures in indoor living/working environments. Figure 3 shows that the mean values of cPAH concentrations in A4, CR and OUT are comparable to those measured in Rome, in winter, at schools, homes and outdoors (about 6 to 8 ng/m 3 indoors, 8 to 11 ng/m 3 outdoors) [29,43,44].…”

Section: Analysis Of Cpahs Concentration and Mass Contribution To Pm 10supporting

confidence: 63%

“…BaP contributed to the total mass by approximately 16%, in accordance with the results of a previous study in Rome by Romagnoli et al 2014 [42], which were 18% for twelve home sampling sites, higher than those calculated for similar outdoor winter PAHs mixture in Zagreb (Croatia) and Belgrade (Serbia) at about 11%. [43,44].…”

Section: Analysis Of Cpahs Concentration and Mass Contribution To Pm 10mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In European urban atmospheres, TCP values higher than the actual were observed outdoors for winter periods, according to higher BaP levels. For example, in Zagreb, Croatia, and Sarajevo, Yugoslavia, TCPs measured from December 2017 to February 2018 were 4.5 ng/m 3 and 10.0 ng/m 3 , respectively [43] and again in Zagreb TCPs of 3.66 ng/m 3 and 5.039 ng/m 3 for PM 10 were measured in winter at Urban residential and Urban traffic locations, respectively [51]. The highest value for TCP from the literature is that calculated in Zagabria in winter: 12 ng/m 3 , supported by an average percentage contribution of BaP to the total carcinogenic potency of 61.72% [52].…”

Section: Toxicity Equivalency To Bapmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Carcinogenic Content of PM10-Bound PAHs in University Classrooms and Outdoors at an Urban Location in Rome, Italy, during Winter Working and Not-Working Days

et al. 2021

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To assess the contribution of carcinogenic Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) in ambient air, EU Directive 2004/107/EC indicates to monitor relevant carcinogenic PAHs in PM10 fraction other than benzo(a)pyrene at a limited number of measurement sites. This indication refers to outdoor environments, and the environmental air quality being taken as a reference also for indoors, it can be extended to indoor environments. In this work, the contribution of carcinogenic PAHs bound to PM10 has been evaluated in winter in two classrooms of a University campus in Rome with the aim of studying the relationship with the outdoors and with working activity. PM10-boundPAHs were monitored over five different periods selected to distinguish Weekend from daytime and nighttime Weekdays, separated into two parts of the week. Data aggregated over Weekend and Weekdays allowed calculating of the concentration of carcinogenic PAHs, the mass contribution to PM10, the Infiltration Factor, the indoor to outdoor Ratio, and the Total Carcinogenic Potency by Toxicity Equivalent Factors, for “not-working” and “working” days. In addition, some indications on contributions to the source have been obtained from the chemical profile normalized to the maximum value of concentration, which also provides the source fingerprint compound. Indoor PAH concentrations were lower than outdoor, and both accumulated as the week progressed. Although the two indoor environments were on the same floor and had a similar volume, they presented different contribution to PM10 and infiltration capacity, both higher during Weekend than on Weekdays. The analysis of indoor and outdoor chemical profiles normalized to the maximum concentration indicated an external source infiltrating the indoors environment. During Weekdays, the indoor fingerprint compound changed compared to that observed during Weekend, probably due to an additional contribution of local “fresh-traffic” source. The calculation of Total Carcinogenic Potency gave indoor values always lower than outdoor, confirming in the two classrooms different dynamics for carcinogenic PAHs. Moreover, the Total Carcinogenic Potency on Weekdays was twice that of Weekend, meaning a higher toxicological impact when urban “fresh-traffic” source is added. The present study shows that the dynamics of PM10-related carcinogenic PAHs can be different within adjacent classrooms of a building and during working and not-working days. This evidence suggests the possibility of a potential different impact on occupant exposure to be taken into account in planning monitoring programs of indoor pollution.

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Section: Analysis Of Cpahs Concentration and Mass Contribution To Pm 10supporting

confidence: 63%

Section: Analysis Of Cpahs Concentration and Mass Contribution To Pm 10mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Toxicity Equivalency To Bapmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Carcinogenic Content of PM10-Bound PAHs in University Classrooms and Outdoors at an Urban Location in Rome, Italy, during Winter Working and Not-Working Days

et al. 2021

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“…During cold periods, the concentration of PM-bound PAHs in Nicosia (Cyprus) (1.62 ng/m 3 ) [118] was the lowest among European cities. The concentrations observed in Brno (Czech Republic) (20.7 ng/m 3 ) [119] were comparable to those observed in Zagreb (Croatia) (25.4 ng/m 3 ) [120], whereas the concentrations in Sarajevo (Bosnia-Herzegovina) (64.8 ng/m 3 ) [120] were much higher than those in Zagreb, even though the samples were collected during the same period. During warm periods, slight differences in the PMbound PAH concentration were observed among Moscow (1.32-7.68 ng/m 3 ), St. Petersburg (1.71-6.30 ng/m 3 ), and Kazan (2.95-9.61 ng/m 3 ) in Russia [121].…”

Section: Outdoor Concentrations Of Pm-bound Pahssupporting

confidence: 57%

Exposure to Atmospheric Particulate Matter-Bound Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Their Health Effects: A Review

Yang

Zhang

et al. 2021

IJERPH

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Particulate matter (PM) is a major factor contributing to air quality deterioration that enters the atmosphere as a consequence of various natural and anthropogenic activities. In PM, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) represent a class of organic chemicals with at least two aromatic rings that are mainly directly emitted via the incomplete combustion of various organic materials. Numerous toxicological and epidemiological studies have proven adverse links between exposure to particulate matter-bound (PM-bound) PAHs and human health due to their carcinogenicity and mutagenicity. Among human exposure routes, inhalation is the main pathway regarding PM-bound PAHs in the atmosphere. Moreover, the concentrations of PM-bound PAHs differ among people, microenvironments and areas. Hence, understanding the behaviour of PM-bound PAHs in the atmosphere is crucial. However, because current techniques hardly monitor PAHs in real-time, timely feedback on PAHs including the characteristics of their concentration and composition, is not obtained via real-time analysis methods. Therefore, in this review, we summarize personal exposure, and indoor and outdoor PM-bound PAH concentrations for different participants, spaces, and cities worldwide in recent years. The main aims are to clarify the characteristics of PM-bound PAHs under different exposure conditions, in addition to the health effects and assessment methods of PAHs.

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“…Levels of ambient air pollutants measured in Zagreb during this study did not differ significantly from values obtained in earlier investigations [ 85 , 87 , 89 ]. Similar or slightly higher benzo(a)pyrene (B[a]P) concentrations were observed in some other European urban areas, such as Zaragoza and Monagrega in Spain [ 90 ] and Naples, Italy [ 91 ], while higher concentrations were measured in Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina [ 92 ] and some rural residential areas in Germany during the winter season [ 93 ]. In Zagreb, levels of PM 10 and PM 10 -bound B[a]P exceeded the limit and target values set by Croatian and EU legislation [ 7 , 8 , 94 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 65%

Associating Air Pollution with Cytokinesis-Block Micronucleus Assay Parameters in Lymphocytes of the General Population in Zagreb (Croatia)

Gajski

Gerić

Pehnec

et al. 2022

IJMS

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Air pollution is recognized as one of the most serious public health issues worldwide and was declared to be a leading environmental cause of cancer deaths. At the same time, the cytokinesis-block micronucleus (CBMN) assay serves as a cancer predictive method that is extensively used in human biomonitoring for populations exposed to environmental contamination. The objective of this cross-sectional study is two-fold: to evaluate genomic instability in a sample (N = 130) of healthy, general population residents from Zagreb (Croatia), chronically exposed to different levels of air pollution, and to relate them to air pollution levels in the period from 2011 to 2015. Measured frequencies of CBMN assay parameters were in agreement with the baseline data for the general population of Croatia. Air pollution exposure was based on four factors obtained from a factor analysis of all exposure data obtained for the examined period. Based on the statistical results, we did not observe a significant positive association between any of the CBMN assay parameters tested and measured air pollution parameters for designated time windows, except for benzo(a)pyrene (B[a]P) that showed significant negative association. Our results show that measured air pollution parameters are largely below the regulatory limits, except for B[a]P, and as such, they do not affect CBMN assay parameters’ frequency. Nevertheless, as air pollution is identified as a major health threat, it is necessary to conduct prospective studies investigating the effect of air pollution on genome integrity and human health.

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Carcinogenic organic content of particulate matter at urban locations with different pollution sources

Cited by 32 publications

References 58 publications

Carcinogenic Content of PM10-Bound PAHs in University Classrooms and Outdoors at an Urban Location in Rome, Italy, during Winter Working and Not-Working Days

Carcinogenic Content of PM10-Bound PAHs in University Classrooms and Outdoors at an Urban Location in Rome, Italy, during Winter Working and Not-Working Days

Exposure to Atmospheric Particulate Matter-Bound Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Their Health Effects: A Review

Associating Air Pollution with Cytokinesis-Block Micronucleus Assay Parameters in Lymphocytes of the General Population in Zagreb (Croatia)

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