Carcinogenic Effects of I131 Compared with X-Irradiation—A Review

El, Saenger; Ra, Seltzer; Td, Sterling; Jg, Kereiakes

doi:10.1097/00004032-196312000-00047

Cited by 22 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 39 publications

(4 reference statements)

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Historically, in 1950s to 1970s, there was a long-standing belief that external exposure to X-rays is more effective in inducing thyroid carcinogenesis than internal irradiation with a “comparable” dose from 131 I. This was mostly based on the effects of RAI therapy where doses to the thyroid were on the order of tens to hundreds Grays and rarely resulted in thyroid malignancies while those from ≤1 Gy of external X-rays for medical indications led to elevated risk of thyroid cancer ( 146-148 ). Apparently similar observations were seen in laboratory animals ( 149 ).…”

Section: Radiation Exposure and Risk For Thyroid Cancermentioning

confidence: 99%

Radiation-Related Thyroid Cancer

Saenko

Mitsutake

2023

Endocrine Reviews

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Radiation is an environmental factor that elevates the risk of developing thyroid cancer. Actual and possible scenarios of exposures to external and internal radiation are multiple and diverse. This article reviews radiation doses to the thyroid and corresponding cancer risks due to planned, existing, and emergency exposure situations, and medical, public, and occupational categories of exposures. Any exposure scenario may deliver a range of doses to the thyroid, and the risk for cancer is addressed along with modifying factors. The consequences of the Chornobyl and Fukushima nuclear power plants accidents are described, summarizing the information on thyroid cancer epidemiology, treatment and prognosis, clinicopathological characteristics, and genetic alterations. The Chornobyl thyroid cancers evolve in time: becoming less aggressive and driver shifting from fusions to point mutations. A comparison of thyroid cancers from the two areas reveals numerous differences that cumulatively suggest the low probability of radiogenic nature of thyroid cancers in Fukushima. In view of continuing usage of different sources of radiation in various settings, the possible ways of reducing thyroid cancer risk from exposures are considered. For the external exposures, reasonable measures are generally in line with the “As Low As Reasonably Achievable” (ALARA) principle, while for the internal irradiation from radioiodine, thyroid blocking with stable iodine may be recommended in addition to other measures in case of anticipated exposures from a nuclear reactor accident. Finally, the perspectives of studies of radiation effects on the thyroid are discussed from the epidemiological, basic science, and clinical points of view.

show abstract

Section: Radiation Exposure and Risk For Thyroid Cancermentioning

confidence: 99%

Radiation-Related Thyroid Cancer

Saenko

Mitsutake

2023

Endocrine Reviews

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Even the study in Gomel with apparently low mean exposure to shorter-lived radionuclides (Gavrilin et al 2004) had found that the association between thyroid cancer and radiation was only in those areas near Chernobyl where the exposure to short-lived radioiodines was highest (Astakhova et al 1998). The low dose rate associated with 131 I decay (i.e., it will take several months for 131 I to decay completely after ingestion or inhalation) and the inhomogeneous distribution of dose in the thyroid gland would be expected to carry a lower risk of thyroid disease than that from the shorter-lived radioiodines ( 132 I, 133 I, and 135 I), which deposit their energy at a higher rate (half lives from 2 to 20 hours) and more uniformly irradiate the thyroid gland, similar to external x rays (Saenger et al 1963;Conard 1984;NCRP 1985;IARC 2000;Gilbert et al 2002).…”

Section: Studies Of Radiation-induced Thyroid Cancermentioning

confidence: 99%

Childhood cancer mortality in relation to the St Lucie nuclear power station

et al. 2005

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

An unusual county-wide excess of childhood cancers of brain and other nervous tissue in the late 1990s in St Lucie County, Florida, prompted the Florida Department of Health to conduct a case-control study within the county assessing residential chemical exposures. No clear associations were found, but claims were then made that the release of radioactive substances such as strontium 90 from the St Lucie nuclear power station, which began operating in 1976, might have played a role. To test the plausibility of this hypothesis, we extended by 17 years a previous study of county mortality conducted by the National Cancer Institute. Rates of total cancer, leukaemia and cancer of brain and other nervous tissue in children and across all ages in St Lucie County were evaluated with respect to the years before and after the nuclear power station began operation and contrasted with rates in two similar counties in Florida (Polk and Volusia). Over the prolonged period 1950-2000, no unusual patterns of childhood cancer mortality were found for St Lucie County as a whole. In particular, no unusual patterns of childhood cancer mortality were seen in relation to the start-up of the St Lucie nuclear power station in 1976. Further, there were no significant differences in mortality between the study and comparison counties for any cancer in the time period after the power station was in operation. Relative rates for all childhood cancers and for childhood leukaemia were higher before the nuclear facility began operating than after, while rates of brain and other nervous tissue cancer were slightly lower in St Lucie County than in the two comparison counties for both time periods. Although definitive conclusions cannot be drawn from descriptive studies, these data provide no support for the hypothesis that the operation of the St Lucie nuclear power station has adversely affected the cancer mortality experience of county residents.

show abstract

Thyroid Neoplasia in Marshall Islanders Exposed to Nuclear Fallout

Hamilton¹,

Belle²,

LoGerfo³

1987

JAMA

103

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

We studied the risk of thyroid neoplasia in Marshall Islanders exposed to radioiodines in nuclear fallout from the 1954 BRAVO thermonuclear test. We screened 7266 Marshall Islanders for thyroid nodules; the islanders were from 14 atolls, including several southern atolls, which were the source of the best available unexposed comparison group. Using a retrospective cohort design, we determined the prevalence of thyroid nodularity in a subgroup of 2273 persons who were alive in 1954 and who therefore were potentially exposed to fallout from the BRAVO test. For those 12 atolls previously thought to be unexposed to fallout, the prevalence of thyroid nodules ranged from 0.9% to 10.6%. Using the distance of each atoll from the test site as a proxy for the radiation dose to the thyroid gland, a weighted linear regression showed an inverse linear relationship between distance and the age-adjusted prevalence of thyroid nodules. Distance was the strongest single predictor in logistic regression analysis. A new absolute risk estimate was calculated to be 1100 excess cases/Gy/y/1 X 10(6) persons (11.0 excess cases/rad/y/1 million persons), 33% higher than previous estimates. We conclude that an excess of thyroid nodules was not limited only to the two northern atolls but extended throughout the northern atolls; this suggests a linear dose-response relationship.

show abstract

Carcinogenic Effects of I131 Compared with X-Irradiation—A Review

Abstract: 1371* Energy, HVL show great variations t Doses quite uncertain. Range given in r.

Cited by 22 publications

References 39 publications

Radiation-Related Thyroid Cancer

Radiation-Related Thyroid Cancer

Childhood cancer mortality in relation to the St Lucie nuclear power station

Thyroid Neoplasia in Marshall Islanders Exposed to Nuclear Fallout

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About