Carcinogenic and non – carcinogenic health risks of heavy metals in drinking water of district Mahendergarh, Haryana, India

Abstract

In the present research work, the study has been carried out on carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic toxic effects for inhabitants due to exposure to heavy metals through dermal and ingestion of drinking water. Present research data assessment has been carried out for the first time; no record has been collected earlier. The maximum concentration of heavy metals was evaluated for Nickel and Arsenic metals, respectively. The average concentration values of heavy metals were found in increasing order as: Ni > As > Cr > Hg > Mn > Cu > Fe > Cd > Zn > Co = Pb 15.36 > 10.3 > 4.73 > 3.32 > 1.43 > 0.27 > 0.246 > 0.068 > 0.06 mg/l respectively. Also, the highest value of incremental lifetime cancer risk was evaluated due to chromium metal. The Hazard Index > 1 was recorded, concluding that non-carcinogenic health risk via ingestion of water, and the Hazard Index < 1 for dermal contact of water, concluded the low risk of non-carcinogenic health risk. These results disclose a new avenue for the removal of these hazardous metals from drinking water. Also, assist future researchers to plan for a healthy life for living things and the present work can be useful for the development of ideas for potential risk control and management.