Carcinogenic and genotoxic activity of extracts from contaminated sediments in Western Lake Ontario

Metcalfe, Chris D.; Balch, Gordon C.; Cairns, Victor W.; Fitzsimons, John D.; Dunn, Bruce P.

doi:10.1016/0048-9697(90)90368-5

Cited by 56 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Sediment-derived PAHs are ingested during normal feeding, making them bioavailable to flounder (Zdanowicz et al, 1986). The associations between PAHs and lesions in winter flounder observed here are consistent with associations between PAHs and lesions in English sole (Malins et al, 1984;Landahl et al, 1990) and winter flounder , and lesions observed in laboratory exposure studies (Metcalfe et al, 1988(Metcalfe et al, , 1990. Thus, there appears to be general agreement that PAHs, as a class of compounds, are linked to liver lesions in fish.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

“…In addition, although experimental studies have been aimed at understanding the connection between specific classes of chemicals and liver lesions in fish (e.g. Metcalfe et al, 1988Metcalfe et al, , 1990Schiewe et al, 1991), no data presently exist substantiating a specific organic or inorganic chemical compound as the inducer of a particular neoplastic liver lesion in winter flounder. Nevertheless, it appears that certain hepatic lesions observed in winter flounder from northeastern United States estuaries are statistically associated with exposure to certain general classes of chemical contaminants, including low and high molecular weight PAHs and pesticides Moore et al, 1996).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

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Associations between liver lesions in winter flounder (Pleuronectes americanus) and sediment chemical contaminants from north-east United States estuaries

Chang

1998

ICES Journal of Marine Science

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Neoplastic diseases, particularly of bottom-dwelling fishes, are more prevalent in coastal areas than in areas that are relatively pristine. Although sediments in many urbanized estuaries contain high concentrations of contaminants, there is little evidence linking a specific organic or inorganic chemical to a particular liver lesion in winter flounder (Pleuronectes americanus), despite increasing study in recent years. Between 1984 and 1986, sediments and winter flounder were collected from 10 sites in the north-east United States ranging from grossly polluted to relatively unimpacted. Sediments were analysed for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), chlorinated pesticides, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and metals. Gross and microscopic pathological examinations were conducted on winter flounder liver sections. Factor and canonical correlation analyses were used to explore associations between biological and chemical measurements. Hepatitis, cholangitis, phlebitis, and macrophage aggregate hyperplasia showed positive associations with low molecular weight, petroleum-derived PAHs (naphthalene, anthracene, 1-methylnaphthalene, 2-methylnaphthalene, 2,6-dimethylnaphthalene, acenaphthene, phenanthrene, biphenyl, fluorene, and 1-methylphenanthrene), the pesticides lindane, hexachlorobenzene, heptachlor epoxide, and o,p -DDD, tri-to hexachlorobiphenyls, and chromium, cadmium, lead, thallium, and selenium, but were negatively associated with the pesticides o,p -DDT, p,p -DDT, p,p -DDE, and mirex. Cytoplasmic hepatocellular vacuolation, cytoplasmic bile duct vacuolation, neoplasms, and pre-neoplasms showed positive associations with most PAHs measured, whether petroleum-derived or combustion-derived (benzo[a]pyrene, benzo[e]pyrene, benzo [a]anthracene, dibenzo [a,h]anthracene, perylene, chrysene, and fluoranthene), the pesticides dieldrin, trans-nonachlor and alpha-chlordane, and silver, copper, antimony, and tin, but no associations with PCBs were found. Coagulative necrosis, single cell necrosis and haemorrhagic necrosis showed positive associations with hepta-to nonachlorobiphenyls and arsenic, zinc, nickel, and mercury, and negative associations with high molecular weight, combustion-derived PAHs and DDT compounds and metabolites.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Associations between liver lesions in winter flounder (Pleuronectes americanus) and sediment chemical contaminants from north-east United States estuaries

Chang

1998

ICES Journal of Marine Science

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“…Creosote was considered a major pollutant in Eagle Harbor (118). Lesions (9,124), and (e) many liver and skin lesions seen in epizootics are similar to those classically described in rodent carcinogenesis. In addition, the resistance of related species in similar habitats to the development of neoplasms indicates differing species susceptibilities (33,134 (84,212), scup (Stenotomus chrysops) (104,105), cod (Gadus morhua) (65), English sole (158), and other species (185).…”

Section: Epizootic Liver Neoplasiamentioning

confidence: 99%

Review Article: Experimental Chemical Carcinogenesis in Fish

Bunton

1996

Toxicol Pathol

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Dr. Bunton's primary research interest is on mechanisms of toxicity and carcinogenesis in fish related to environmental contamination and on the development of alternative models.Experimental carcinogenesis using fish species as alternative models is a dynamic field of research. The 1940's expansion of synthetic chemical producing industries coincided with a number of pollution-associated fish neoplasia epizootics, with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons as significant components of contaminated sediment in several cases. Epizootics of primarily liver and skin neoplasia in benthic species near coastal urban or industrial areas indicated the sensitivity of fish species to known mammalian carcinogens. Stressing a mechanistic approach, investigators have used data compiled from epizootics as the backbone of current research efforts to define carcinogenesis in fish species. With liver as the focus, patterns of neoplastic development similar to those seen in rodent bioassays have been induced in various fish species by genotoxic carcinogens. Similarities between fish and rodent models include chemical and species-specific responses to exposure and the development of predictable preneoplastic and neoplastic lesions. The expression of molecular molecules related to carcinogenesis is currently under investigation, which includes alterations in certain proteins, enzyme activity, and oncogene/tumor suppressor gene function. The potential for the application of research findings to both human and environmental health issues makes fish species attractive and valuable alternative models in carcinogenesis and toxicity research.Keywords. Medaka; methylazoxymethanol (MAM); molecular markers; N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG); Neoplasia; polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH); rainbow trout INTRODUCTION Armed with data from fish neoplasia epizootics related to environmental synthetic chemical contamination, research has moved from the morphologic assessment of neoplasms to the identification of molecular mechanisms of neoplastic development and progression. The value of these studies can be argued along 2 lines that are often, but should not be, separated. One is for application to human health issues for which there is a chronic demand, and the other is the inherent value of monitoring the health of the environment, which includes all of the creatures therein. Unfortunately, it is the latter argument that most often has to be vigorously defended, although minimal reflection will reveal that we, too, are members of this population.The present review discusses experimental fish carcinogenesis by first presenting data from neoplasia epizootics that helped to form the framework of our current 604 research efforts. The effects of known direct and indirect carcinogens on various fish species from laboratory studies are then described to illustrate species similarities and differences in tissue response. The latter portion of the paper concentrates on chemical hepatocarcinogenesis and reviews the histologic and molecular marke...

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“…The discussion below interprets the toxicological significance, to the extent possible, of the complex associations between lesion types and measures of potential contaminant exposure, actual dietary uptake, hepatic Volume 102, Number 2, February 1994 aAnalyses were performed separately while adjusting for mean age and gender ratio (female:male). (2,10-12, 75,76) and which significantly co-occur with neoplasms in English sole (18) (3,15,24,25,39,59), in studies in other species of wild fish (69,77,78) and the hepatocarcinogenicity of genotoxic PAHs in laboratory studies with fish (5,41,42,(79)(80)(81). XPAHs in sediment from English sole sites ranged from undetectable at the Nisqually River reference site to 5900 ng/g in Elliott Bay, comparable to levels in previous studies where the relationship between PAH exposure and neoplasms was first established in this species (15).…”

Section: Relationships Between Chemical Contaminants and Hepatic Lesionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relationships between toxicopathic hepatic lesions and exposure to chemical contaminants in English sole (Pleuronectes vetulus), starry flounder (Platichthys stellatus), and white croaker (Genyonemus lineatus) from selected marine sites on the Pacific Coast, USA.

Myers

Stehr

Olson

et al. 1994

Environ Health Perspect

144

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Relationships between hepatic lesions and chemical contaminant concentrations in sediments, stomach contents, liver tissue, and bile were statistically evaluated in three species of bottomfish, English sole (Pleuronectes vetulus), starry flounder (Platichthys stellatus), and white croaker (Genyonemus lineatus), captured from 27 urban and nonurban sites on the Pacific Coast from Alaska to southern California. Lesions detected were neoplasms, preneoplastic foci of cellular alteration, nonneoplastic proliferative lesions, unique or specific degenerative/necrotic lesions, nonspecific degenerative/necrotic lesions, and hydropic vacuolation of biliary epithelial cells and hepatocytes. In general, lesion prevalences were significantly higher in all three species captured at chemically contaminated urban sites, and certain lesions had significantly higher relative risks of occurrence at urban sites in Puget Sound, San Francisco Bay, the vicinity of Los Angeles, and San Diego Bay. Concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, polychlorinated biphenyls, DDT and its derivatives, and chlordanes and dieldrin in sediment, stomach contents, liver, and fluorescent aromatic compounds in bile were significant risk factors for the occurrence of neoplastic, preneoplastic, nonneoplastic proliferative, and specific degenerative/necrotic lesions, as well as hydropic vacuolation. Fish age also had a significant influence on occurrence of several hepatic lesions, but gender was rarely a significant risk factor. These relationships provide strong evidence for the involvement of environmental contaminants in the etiology of hepatic lesions in several marine bottomfish species and clearly indicate the utility of these lesions as biomarkers of contaminant-induced effects in wild fish. Images Figure 2. A Figure 2. B Figure 3. Figure 4. A Figure 4. B

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Carcinogenic and genotoxic activity of extracts from contaminated sediments in Western Lake Ontario

Cited by 56 publications

References 12 publications

Associations between liver lesions in winter flounder (Pleuronectes americanus) and sediment chemical contaminants from north-east United States estuaries

Associations between liver lesions in winter flounder (Pleuronectes americanus) and sediment chemical contaminants from north-east United States estuaries

Review Article: Experimental Chemical Carcinogenesis in Fish

Relationships between toxicopathic hepatic lesions and exposure to chemical contaminants in English sole (Pleuronectes vetulus), starry flounder (Platichthys stellatus), and white croaker (Genyonemus lineatus) from selected marine sites on the Pacific Coast, USA.

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