Carcinogenic air pollutants in the exhaust from a European car operating on various fuels

Candeli, A; Mastrandrea, V.; Morozzi, Guido; Toccaceli, S.

doi:10.1016/0004-6981(74)90161-9

Cited by 20 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…The origin of the PAH found in automobile exhausts has been investigated by several authors (8,27,31,32). All results are not consistent, but some conclusions can be drawn.…”

Section: Pah Content Of Fuelmentioning

confidence: 95%

Emission of carcinogenic components with automobile exhausts.

Stenberg¹,

Alsberg²,

Westerholm³

1983

Environ Health Perspect

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Different sampling methods for mutagenic polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) are described. These methods involve either direct sampling of raw exhausts which prior to filtering are cooled in a condenser, or filter sampling of exhausts diluted in a tunnel. The relevance of gas-phase PAHs of samples from diluted exhausts is discussed; methods used are either adsorbents (XAD-2) or cryogenic condensation. The emission of benzo(a)pyrene and certain other PAHs is reported from vehicles using different fuels (gasoline, diesel, LPG, alcohols) or different emission control systems. The emission of some volatiles, such as benzene, ethylene and alkylnitrites, is also presented from different types of fuels used.

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“…The origin of the PAH found in automobile exhausts has been investigated by several authors (8,27,31,32). All results are not consistent, but some conclusions can be drawn.…”

Section: Pah Content Of Fuelmentioning

confidence: 95%

Emission of carcinogenic components with automobile exhausts.

Stenberg¹,

Alsberg²,

Westerholm³

1983

Environ Health Perspect

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“…The worldwide trend to reduce lead addition to gasoline in order to reduce lead emission to the atmosphere is likely to have the effect of increasing the content of aromatic hydrocarbons in order to maintain the knock resistance of the fuel ( 14); a number of investigations have shown that this leads to increased PAH emission (15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20). Other investigations (21,22) indicate that fuel PAH content has a stronger influence on PAH emission than does fuel aromatic content.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the investigations dealing with the total PAH emission (15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20)(21)(22) in general it has not been possible to vary only one important parameter at a time. As an example of this, the investigation of the effects on PAH emission of fuel lead content has been performed with a simultaneous variation in octane number, which is a general measure of the reaction rate of the fuel, at least with regard to the preflame reactions.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…When the aromatic content was increased, PAH emission was found to increase, but the magnitude differed very considerably from one investigation to another. In ref 22 the aromatic content was found to have nearly no influence when a correction was made for the effects of a simultaneous increase in fuel BaA and BaP content; ref 21 showed only a slight influence of fuel aromatic content, while ref [17][18][19][20] found a significant effect of aromatic content.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of fuel, lubricant, and engine operating parameters on the emission of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons

Pedersen¹,

Ingwersen²,

Nielsen³

et al. 1980

Environ. Sci. Technol.

125

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The effects of fuel, lubricant, and engine operating parameters on the emission of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) associated with particles were studied by means of an automobile engine operated with a number of special fuels under steady-state conditions. More than 90% of the mass of the heavier PAHs (e.g., benzo[a]pyrene) was found on particles with a diameter below 1 gm, while for the light PAHs, a substantial part was in the vapor phase. The aromatic content, the type of aromatic fraction, and the PAH content of the fuel and lubricant had a strong effect on particle-bonded PAH emission; in comparison to this, the lead content of the fuel was of minor importance. The lubricant itself had only slight influence on particle-bonded PAH emission. This varied with the air:fuel ratio in a manner similar to.particulate matter and to unburned hydrocarbons, showing high emissions at very rich as well as very lean mixtures. On increasing the engine load, the particle-bonded PAH emission increased.

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“…The aromatic hydrocarbon content of fuel has been the main focus of concern since benzene and its derivatives produce more PAHs than aliphatic hydrocarbons (Hoffman et al, 1965). A number of investigations have shown that PAHs emission increases as the aromatic content increases (Candeli et al, 1974;Begeman and Colucci, 1970;Laity et al, 1973). It is, however, uncertain whether the PAHs emitted are those which survive the combustion process or are produced by rearrangement of hydrocarbons present in the fuel (Handa et al, 1979;Pederson et al, 1980).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Profile of PAH in the Exhaust of Gasoline Driven Vehicles in Delhi

Khillare

Balachandran

Hoque

2005

Environ Monit Assess

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A preliminary study to determine the profile of PAHs in the exhaust of gasoline vehicles in Delhi was conducted. Three different types of vehicles (cars, autorickshaws and scooters) were selected with different age groups for sampling purpose. The concentration of Total PAHs (Sigma12PAHs) was found to be 27.27 +/- 2.27, 28.61 +/- 3.70 and 29.81 +/- 3.57 mg/g in the exhaust of cars, auto- rickshaws (three wheelers) and two wheelers, respectively. The levels of PAHs were found to be high in scooter exhaust as compared to that of cars and autorickshaws. The total PAHs concentration in the present study was found to be higher as compared to other studies. Such a high concentration could be attributed to different parameters like the age of the vehicles, driving conditions, the fuel quality and the emission standards.

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Carcinogenic air pollutants in the exhaust from a European car operating on various fuels

Cited by 20 publications

References 18 publications

Emission of carcinogenic components with automobile exhausts.

Emission of carcinogenic components with automobile exhausts.

Effects of fuel, lubricant, and engine operating parameters on the emission of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons

Profile of PAH in the Exhaust of Gasoline Driven Vehicles in Delhi

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