CARcinogen EXposure: CAREX

Abstract

Cancer is the second common cause of death worldwide and a significant ratio of all cancers is related to occupational and living environments. On the other side, cancer prevalence could be controlled and prevented via policies to improve occupational and living environments. However, a main challenge in prevention of occupational cancer is the lack of knowledge about the exposure rate and number of exposed persons. CAREX database, which is established by the program of Europe against cancer, provides information for the number of exposed persons based on country, carcinogen, and type of industry. CAREX is established in early years of 1990 decade by Finland Institute of Health (FIOH) in cooperation with IARC and European experts, as a tool for estimation of the burden due to occupational cancer in Europe, and shortly thereafter is expanded for use in almost 15 countries in European Union by 55 industrial groups. Several other countries have used CAREX for their countries and have provided some main progressions for the performance model. CAREX project in Canada was modeled in 2007, in an effort to develop a Canadian specific and advanced tool for assessing exposure to carcinogenic agents based on EU CAREX. In this model, not only occupational exposure, but also environmental exposure has been considered. Estimation of exposure with CAREX helps to inform primary prevention activities and to improve global occupational cancer, and its strength points are systematic nature, good coverage and ease of use, and can be used in other countries of the world.

Prevalence of sleep problems and its relation to sleeping habits in toddlers

“…Given the correlation between sleep anxiety with the duration of television viewing and the use of electronic media [36], seems to spending more time on television decrease the opportunity of child's sleeping and increase sleep anxiety [19]. The nocturnal awakening of children in the present study is similar to other studies [7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23]. The evolution of reducing nighttime awakenings is from birth to 3 years old and there is no difference between Asian and non-Asian children [37].…”

“…Many studies have also suggested that stress itself is an environmental factor in cancer. Therefore, controlling the determinants of sleep habits from the perspective of cancer reduction is also important [12][13][14][15][16]. In previous studies, factors such as maternal education, maleness, low birth weight, presence of more than one older sibling, television viewing more than one hour in the evening, were associated with insomnia in toddlers [17].…”

The relationship between safety management and patient safety culture in Cancer Treatment Centers

“…There are many costs incurred each year due to occupational accidents, in short, most of them are due to lack of safety. Which in addition to financial losses also leaves irreparable spiritual and human losses [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9]. Occupational accidents usually occur in hospitals that may be due to neglect, Failure, carelessness, fatigue or other factors, without prior warning.…”

Evaluation of respiratory exposure to 4,4-methylene diphenyl diisocyanate (MDI) vapors in foam injection workers in a household appliance manufacturing company: An Occupational Carcinogen

“…These risks are particularly relevant to the production and use of chemicals in various processes [25][26]. To avoid the harmful side effects of these chemicals, it is important to observe precautions and control measures when handling them [27][28][29][30][31]. In a study of 245 new occupational asthma samples from 1976 to 1992, 39 percent with hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI), 39 percent with diphenyl methane diisocyanate (MDI) and 17 percent with toluene diisocyanate (TDI) exposure [32].…”