Carcinogen Adducts As an Indicator for the Public Health Risks of Consuming Carcinogen-Exposed Fish and Shellfish

Dunn, Bruce P.

doi:10.2307/3430852

Cited by 43 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 29 publications

(40 reference statements)

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“…PAHs in fish are subjected to an active metabolizing process, through the cytochrome P-450 oxidase, and these oxidation and conjugation reactions facilitate their excretion. During the metabolism of some PAH compounds, reactive intermediates can form that, upon binding to macromolecules such as DNA and RNA, produce covalently bonded adducts that are a necessary step toward the development of PAH-induced cancer (11). Fish may be victims of these carcinogenic metabolites, whereas many invertebrates, such as mussels, are protected against PAHinduced cancer by their metabolic incapacity (12).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Marine Organisms from the Gulf of Naples, Tyrrhenian Sea

Perugini

Visciano

Manera

et al. 2007

J. Agric. Food Chem.

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Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were determined by an HPLC method with fluorescence detection in bivalves (Mitylus galloprovincialis), cephalopods (Todarodes sagittatus), crustaceans (Aristeus antennatus), and fish (Mullus surmeletus, Scomber scombrus, Micromesistius poutassou, and Merluccius merluccius) caught in the Gulf of Naples (Tyrrhenian Sea, Italy). Anthracene, fluoranthene, pyrene, benz(a)anthracene, chrysene, benzo(b)fluoranthene, and benzo(k)fluoranthene were detected, at different concentrations, in all of the examined marine organisms, whereas benzo(a)pyrene, dibenz(a,h)anthracene, benzo(g,h,i)perylene, and indeno(1,2,3-cd)pyrene were found only in Mediterranean mussels. Of mussels collected in winter 71.43% exceeded the maximum residual levels (MRL) fixed for the benzo(a)pyrene in European Regulation 208/2005/EC, whereas all samples collected in summer reported values lower than this limit. In comparison to the other marine organisms, the mussels showed the highest PAH concentrations (p < 0.01). Fish showed total PAH levels lower than those of cephalopods and, in particular, European hake showed the lowest values (6.06 ng/g of fresh weight).

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Marine Organisms from the Gulf of Naples, Tyrrhenian Sea

Perugini

Visciano

Manera

et al. 2007

J. Agric. Food Chem.

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“…The lipophilicity of PAHs favors partitioning into aquatic organisms, including fish and shellfish (Neff et al, 1976;Neff, 1982;Eisler, 1987;Meador et al, 1995). Because shellfish are in direct contact with sediments and have a limited capacity to metabolize and eliminate PAHs (Neff et al, 1976;Neff, 1982;Eisler, 1987;Meador et al, 1995;Bolger et al, 1996;Law & Hellou, 1999), they can accumulate sufficiently high PAH concentrations to pose a carcinogenic or other potential health risk to shellfish consumers (Dunn, 1991;ATSDR, 1995;Law & Hellou, 1999).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…Contaminants of particular concern are benzo[a]pyrene and other polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), which are considered potential human carcinogens (Dunn, 1991;U.S. EPA, 1993;ATSDR, 1995;Bolger et al, 1996;Giuseppe et al, 1996;Burger, 1997;Law & Hellou, 1999;Warshawsky, 1999).…”

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confidence: 99%

Derivation of Shellfish Harvest Reopening Criteria Following the New Carissa Oil Spill in Coos Bay, Oregon

Gilroy¹

2000

Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part A

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Oil spills in Alaska, California, Maine, and other states have raised concerns regarding potential contamination of fish and shellfish, and have led to temporary closures of seafood harvests while health risks are assessed. Lacking standardized protocols, these assessments are generally ad hoc, site-specific efforts, with significant differences in risk evaluation criteria. This article describes the response of a state health agency to shellfish contamination following an oil spill on the Oregon coast, and discusses some of the factors that can complicate the evaluation of potential health risks from consumption of oil-contaminated shellfish. On 4 February 1999, the Japanese-owned cargo ship M/V New Carissa, carrying an estimated 400,000 gallons of light diesel and heavy fuel oil, ran aground 2 miles north of Coos Bay, Oregon. Damage to the ship's hull from the grounding and pounding surf caused the release of an estimated 25,000 to 70,000 gallons of oil. Concern for potential contamination of local recreational shellfish and commercial oyster beds prompted the Oregon Department of Agriculture (ODA) to close shellfish harvesting in Coos and Douglas counties. ODA requested assistance from the Oregon Health Division in the derivation of risk-based criteria for reopening the shellfish harvest. Criteria were developed for the primary contaminants of concern, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) expressed as total benzo[a]-pyrene (BaP) equivalents. "Safe" (<10 microg/kg) and "unsafe" (>45 microg/kg) BaP equivalent levels were derived based on upper end (32.5 g/d) and average (7.5 g/d) estimates of shellfish consumption, respectively. Composite samples of oysters, clams, and mussels (15-20 per composite) were collected from target areas and analyzed for PAHs by gas chromatography/mass spectroscopy (GC/MS). Carcinogenic PAHs were converted to total BaP equivalents (wet weight) and compared with criteria. Two oyster samples, collected from a slough off of Coos Bay, contained 33.9 and 34.5 microg/kg BaP equivalents; all other samples had less than 10 microg/kg BaP equivalents. An evaluation of the PAH profiles in the two higher oyster samples indicated a primary source other than the New Carissa oil. Because shellfish sample BaP equivalents attributable to the New Carissa oil spill did not exceed 10 microg/kg, shellfish harvesting was reopened on 4 March 1999. This study revealed some of the inherent difficulties in attempting to quantify health risks from contaminated shellfish following an oil spill and demonstrated the clear need for standardized protocols for responding to such events.

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“…Benzo[a]pyrene (BaP), a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH), is metabolically activated, resulting in the formation of the carcinogenic reactive metabolite, BaP diol epoxide (BPDE), which is capable of binding to DNA, proteins, and lipids, resulting in mutagenesis and carcinogenesis (Grover et al, 1976;Stowers and Anderson, 1984;Dunn, 1983;Eastman et al, 1987;Kwack and Lee, 2000;IARC, 2012). It is well known that the formation of carcinogen-DNA adducts is a critical step in mutagenesis and carcinogenesis (Perera and Weinstein, 1982;Dunn, 1991). However, it is difficult to measure carcinogen-DNA adducts in target tissues, because human tissues are not be readily available for study.…”

Section: In Order To Investigate the Potential Application Of Blood Bmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potential Application of Benzo(a)Pyrene-Associated Adducts (Globin or Lipid) as Blood Biomarkers for Target Organ Exposure and Human Risk Assessment

Kwack

Kim

et al. 2014

Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part A

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In order to investigate the potential application of blood biomarkers as surrogate indicators of carcinogen-adduct formation in target-specific tissues, temporal formation of benzo[a]pyrene (BaP)-associated DNA adducts, protein adducts, or lipid damage in target tissues such as lung, liver, and kidney was compared with globin adduct formation or plasma lipid damage in blood after continuous intraperitoneal (ip) injection of [(3)H]BaP into female ICR mice for 7 d. Following treatment with [(3)H]BaP, formation of [(3)H]BaP-DNA or -protein adducts in lung, liver, and kidney increased linearly, and persisted thereafter. This finding was similar to the observed effects on globin adduct formation and plasma lipid damage in blood. The lungs contained a higher level of DNA adducts than liver or kidneys during the treatment period. Further, the rate of cumulative adduct formation in lung was markedly greater than that in liver. Treatment with a single dose of [(3)H]BaP indicated that BaP-globin adduct formation and BaP-lipid damage in blood reached a peak 48 h after treatment. Overall, globin adduct formation and lipid damage in blood were significantly correlated with DNA adduct formation in the target tissues. These data suggest that peripheral blood biomarkers, such as BaP-globin adduct formation or BaP-lipid damage, may be useful for prediction of target tissue-specific DNA adduct formation, and for risk assessment after exposure.

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Carcinogen Adducts As an Indicator for the Public Health Risks of Consuming Carcinogen-Exposed Fish and Shellfish

Cited by 43 publications

References 29 publications

Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Marine Organisms from the Gulf of Naples, Tyrrhenian Sea

Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Marine Organisms from the Gulf of Naples, Tyrrhenian Sea

Derivation of Shellfish Harvest Reopening Criteria Following the New Carissa Oil Spill in Coos Bay, Oregon

Potential Application of Benzo(a)Pyrene-Associated Adducts (Globin or Lipid) as Blood Biomarkers for Target Organ Exposure and Human Risk Assessment

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