Carcinoembryonic Antigen in Histopathology: Immunoperoxidase Staining of Conventional Tissue Sections2

Goldenberg, D. M.; Sharkey, Robert M.; Primus, F. James

doi:10.1093/jnci/57.1.11

Cited by 205 publications

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“…Previously, we reported the immunocytochemical localization of CEA in 66% of colonic carcinomas and 13% of colonic polyps (Goldenberg et al, 1976 Immunoperoxidase procedure.-The immunoperoxidase procedure and the antisera used in this study were described previously (Primus et al, 1975;Goldenberg et al, 1976). Briefly, the tissue sections are incubated sequentially with appropriate dilutions of (1) goat anti-CEA serum or control serum, (2) rabbit anti-goat IgG, (3) goat anti-horseradish-peroxidase, (4) horseradish peroxidase (Sigma, Type VI), (5) 3,3' diaminobenzidine (Sigma, free base), and hydrogen peroxide solution.…”

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confidence: 98%

“…Unfortunately, quantitation of tissue CEA by a radioimmunoassay (RIA) method is not feasible in routine histopathology. Recently, we reported the minimum quantity of tissue CEA required for staining with the 3-layer, peroxidase-antiperoxidase technique (Goldenberg, Sharkey and Primus, 1976 Thus, a decreased sensitivity of CEA detection by immunoperoxidase staining of formalin-paraffin-treated specimens was apparent.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…RIA determination of tissue and plasma CEA.-Tissue specimens of 0-1 g or more were homogenized and analysed for CEA content, as described previously (Goldenberg et al, 1976). Plasma CEA was measured with the CEA-Roche kit and procedure (Hansen, Lance and Krupey, 1971).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Rauscher virus-induced reticulum-cell sarcomas: their growth in vitro and erythropoietic differentiation

Fieldsteel¹,

Dawson²,

Becker³

et al. 1977

Br J Cancer

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Summary.-A 3-layer immunoperoxidase technique was used to demonstrate carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) in colonic polyps from patients with or without previous or concurrent malignancy. CEA was demonstrated in a higher percentage of the polyps received as fresh specimens that were rapidly frozen and fixed in ethanol, than in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded sections. Tissue CEA content of both colonic carcinomas and polyps was determined by radioimmunoassay, and it was found that benign colonic tumours had levels of tissue CEA comparable to colonic cancer, indicating that CEA concentration in a tumour does not reflect its grade of malignancy. In fact, in one case in which both colonic cancer and polyps were removed, the polyps had the higher quantities of tissue CEA. Further, tissue CEA concentration of a polyp was not dependent on its size or location. Studying the titres of circulating CEA in these patients revealed an elevation of plasma CEA in one-third of the patients with only colonic polyps, whilst the patients with cancer all had increased titres.

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confidence: 98%

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confidence: 99%

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Rauscher virus-induced reticulum-cell sarcomas: their growth in vitro and erythropoietic differentiation

Fieldsteel¹,

Dawson²,

Becker³

et al. 1977

Br J Cancer

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“…So far quick-frozen sections, either unfixed or fixed with ethanol, have usually been used for immunofluorescent studies of CEA, although formalin-fixed, paraffinembedded specimens are usable in the immunoperoxidase techniques (Goldenberg, Sharkey and Primus, 1976;Isaacson, 1976). In the present studies we employed ethanol-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues, and found them to be more satisfactory than frozen sections.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 82%

Localization of carcinoembryonic antigen in medullary thyroid carcinoma by immunofluorescent techniques

Hamada¹

1977

Br J Cancer

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Summary.-Cellular localization of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) in medullary thyroid carcinoma was studied in ethanol-fixed, paraffin-embedded specimens using the direct and indirect immunofluorescent techniques. It was demonstrated that CEA was present not only on the surface, but also in the cytoplasm of tumour cells. The immunofluorescence in the cytoplasm differed considerably in intensity from cell to cell. By contrast, no significant fluorescence was demonstrated in tissues of other types of thyroid adenocarcinoma, adenoma, Graves' disease and normal thyroid, with few exceptions. The results obtained indicate that CEA is actively produced by the tumour cells, and is present as a constituent of the cell membrane.

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“…5 At present, measurement of serum CEA levels is mainly used to monitor tumor progression during postsurgery follow-up of patients affected by colorectal cancer. However, it has been demonstrated that about 50% of colorectal cancers are not associated with increased serum CEA levels.…”

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confidence: 99%

Treatment of peripheral blood with staurosporine increases detection of circulating carcinoembryonic antigen positive tumor cells

Aquino

Prete

Balduzzi

et al. 2002

Intl Journal of Cancer

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Key words: carcinoembryonic antigen; staurosporine; colorectal cancer; micrometastasis; immunobead RT-PCR Dear Sir, Staurosporine (ST) is a potent inhibitor of protein kinase C. This agent is able to induce apoptosis, affecting cell cycle progression and modulating the activity of cyclin-dependent kinases in a large variety of tumors. 1,2 Moreover, ST was found to increase the expression of the carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) in epithelial tumor cell lines of different tissue origin. This effect is particularly evident at concentrations that do not provoke cytotoxicity or cell cycle perturbation. 3,4 The increase of CEA is detected both at the level of protein expression and gene transcription. On this basis, it has been hypothesized that ST might be utilized to increase the sensitivity of methods based on CEA transcript recognition, which is presently employed to detect CEA-positive circulating tumor cells.CEA is a tumor marker that is expressed in a number of tumors of different origin, including gastrointestinal, lung and breast cancer. 5 At present, measurement of serum CEA levels is mainly used to monitor tumor progression during postsurgery follow-up of patients affected by colorectal cancer. However, it has been demonstrated that about 50% of colorectal cancers are not associated with increased serum CEA levels. 6 Moreover, no correlation has been found between CEA content in tumor tissue and CEA serum levels, and not all CEA positive tumors shed the antigen into circulation. 7 Therefore, in a substantial number of cases this antigen cannot be considered a suitable marker for the detection of sub-clinical residual disease.A number of studies provided evidence that RT-PCR based methods for the detection of CEA positive circulating cancer cells are highly sensitive and specific. 8 -11 Of particular interest are the findings that detection of CEA-expressing circulating tumor cells in patients negative for 3 serum markers for colorectal cancer preceded clinical evidence of the disease. 8 Moreover, it has been recently demonstrated that serial examination of CEA mRNA levels might contribute to predict tumor relapse in advanced gastric cancer. 11 No data are presently available in the literature on large randomized prospective studies concerning the clinical value of CEA mRNA detection by RT-PCR analysis in the peripheral blood of cancer patients. However, it can be hypothesized that long-term follow-up of patients by this approach might be helpful for predicting relapse or for monitoring response to therapy.Limitations of this technique have also been reported in terms of possible false positive results, when RNA was extracted from whole blood and a large number of nested PCR cycles (Յ30 cycles) were used. 12,13 Moreover, a limited percentage of untreated patients with metastatic or recurrent colorectal cancer has been found to be negative for CEA mRNA. 8 Recently, it has been demonstrated that specificity of RT-PCR detection of CEA-positive cancer cells admixed with peripheral blood from healthy donors can...

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Carcinoembryonic Antigen in Histopathology: Immunoperoxidase Staining of Conventional Tissue Sections2

Cited by 205 publications

References 0 publications

Rauscher virus-induced reticulum-cell sarcomas: their growth in vitro and erythropoietic differentiation

Rauscher virus-induced reticulum-cell sarcomas: their growth in vitro and erythropoietic differentiation

Localization of carcinoembryonic antigen in medullary thyroid carcinoma by immunofluorescent techniques

Treatment of peripheral blood with staurosporine increases detection of circulating carcinoembryonic antigen positive tumor cells

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