Carcass analog addition enhances juvenile Atlantic salmon (<i>Salmo salar</i>) growth and condition

Guyette, Margaret Q.; Loftin, Cynthia S.; Zydlewski, Joseph D.

doi:10.1139/cjfas-2012-0496

Cited by 27 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 59 publications

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“…Searches used the following keywords alone and in combination: marinederived, salmon, salmon-derived, subsidy(ies), nutrient, mitigation). Most of the primary literature cited here focuses on Pacific salmon in streams and rivers, yet our conclusions should be pertinent to Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) and perhaps to other anadromous species as well (Guyette et al 2013). Our intent is to investigate any disparities between the understanding of the ecological role of salmon and the application of that knowledge by scientists and resource managers toward mitigating for the loss or decline of salmon populations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Critical Assessment of the Ecological Assumptions Underpinning Compensatory Mitigation of Salmon-Derived Nutrients

Collins

Marcarelli

Baxter

et al. 2015

Environmental Management

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We critically evaluate some of the key ecological assumptions underpinning the use of nutrient replacement as a means of recovering salmon populations and a range of other organisms thought to be linked to productive salmon runs. These assumptions include: (1) nutrient mitigation mimics the ecological roles of salmon, (2) mitigation is needed to replace salmon-derived nutrients and stimulate primary and invertebrate production in streams, and (3) food resources in rearing habitats limit populations of salmon and resident fishes. First, we call into question assumption one because an array of evidence points to the multi-faceted role played by spawning salmon, including disturbance via redd-building, nutrient recycling by live fish, and consumption by terrestrial consumers. Second, we show that assumption two may require qualification based upon a more complete understanding of nutrient cycling and productivity in streams. Third, we evaluate the empirical evidence supporting food limitation of fish populations and conclude it has been only weakly tested. On the basis of this assessment, we urge caution in the application of nutrient mitigation as a management tool. Although applications of nutrients and other materials intended to mitigate for lost or diminished runs of Pacific salmon may trigger ecological responses within treated ecosystems, contributions of these activities toward actual mitigation may be limited.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Critical Assessment of the Ecological Assumptions Underpinning Compensatory Mitigation of Salmon-Derived Nutrients

Collins

Marcarelli

Baxter

et al. 2015

Environmental Management

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“…Nutrients from carcasses of sea lamprey stimulate productivity during spring, a critical period of temperature-driven increases in metabolism for fish facing potential limitations in resources (Hall, 1972;Weaver et al, 2015;Weaver et al, 2016). Therefore, salmon parr that are subsidized directly and indirectly by these resources may benefit from a compensatory growth as fish approach the smolt stage (Guyette et al, 2013;Sigourney et al, 2013). This enhanced growth could potentially increase survival and reduce the number of years spent in freshwater before the young salmon successfully migrate to the ocean (Horton et al, 2009).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The influence of nutrients from carcasses of sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) on larval growth and spawner abundance

Weaver¹,

Coghlan²,

Zydlewski³

2018

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Abstract-Migrations of anadromous sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) from marine ecosystems serve as vectors of nutrients into freshwater food webs. Larval sea lamprey reside in streams for 6-8 years as deposit feeders before metamorphosing into juveniles and migrating to the ocean. Previous work has shown that carcass nutrients, which result from the death of adult lamprey after spawning, increase stream productivity and are consumed by larvae. This may increase larval growth rates and enhance earlier metamorphosis. We examined the sensitivity of life-history parameters and influence of nutrients from carcasses of sea lamprey on the age and growth of larval conspecifics with a deterministic stock-recruitment model. We hypothesized that variability in growth among larval populations is productivity mediated and we compared modeled populations in which larvae receive added growth benefits from carcass nutrients with populations that do not. The results of our simulation indicate that increases in larval growth and lower age at metamorphosis over time lead to an increase in spawner abundance. Increased growth rates may also improve fitness and bolster subsequent spawning stocks. Our research characterized 2 potential ecosystem states, one in which larval sea lamprey benefit from adult conspecifics and another in which the larvae do not.

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“…More recent studies have focused on the importance of organic matter and marine-derived nutrient subsidies provided by spawning salmon through excretion and carcass deposition (Levi et al 2013). In other studies, applying salmon carcasses or SCA has increased salmonid abundance or growth in some cases (Bilby et al 1998;Wipfli et al 2003;Guyette et al 2013), but not all (Harvey and Wilzbach 2010). As is the case in studies that have experimentally manipulated food abundance and observed large effect sizes, experimental studies that have added salmon carcasses or SCA to controlled conditions generally find significant increases in growth or abundance (Wipfli et al 2004).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bioenergetic calculations evaluate changes to habitat quality for salmonid fishes in streams treated with salmon carcass analog

Keeley

Campbell

Kohler

2016

Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci.

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Nutrient supplementation in oligotrophic streams is proposed as a means of mitigating losses of marine-derived subsidies from declining or extirpated populations of anadromous fishes. One of the central predictions of nutrient addition is an increased production of fish through bottom-up increases in invertebrate abundance. Such changes in food availability may increase growth and production rates for stream fishes by increasing habitat quality. In this study we apply bioenergetic calculations to estimate changes to habitat quality based on predicted increases in net energy intake. We compared invertebrate drift abundance and estimated changes in energy availability in streams treated with salmon carcass analog versus untreated controls. Our results revealed a two-to threefold increase in invertebrate drift abundance following the addition of salmon carcass analog; however, this effect appeared to be short-term. Measures of the energetic profitability of stream habitat for salmonid fishes revealed small, yet significant, increases in net energy availability in streams that received analog additions, but only after controlling for differences in physical habitat features such as temperature and stream flow.

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Carcass analog addition enhances juvenile Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) growth and condition

Cited by 27 publications

References 59 publications

A Critical Assessment of the Ecological Assumptions Underpinning Compensatory Mitigation of Salmon-Derived Nutrients

A Critical Assessment of the Ecological Assumptions Underpinning Compensatory Mitigation of Salmon-Derived Nutrients

The influence of nutrients from carcasses of sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) on larval growth and spawner abundance

Bioenergetic calculations evaluate changes to habitat quality for salmonid fishes in streams treated with salmon carcass analog

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