“…Phosphobetaine, a mimic of the phospholipids of the outer surface of cell membranes, is the very first type of zwitterions ever studied. [13,19] Recently, sulfobetaine and carboxybetaine have attracted an intense interest due to their superior antifouling properties compared with phosphobetaine, and they have been used to functionalize various surfaces such as polymeric membranes, [20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27] silicon/silica, [14,[28][29][30] glass, [29,31,32] gold, [33][34][35] and steel. [36,37] Studies have shown that carboxybetaine may exhibit better anti-adhesion properties than sulfobetaine.…”