Carboxymethyl starch/alginate microspheres containing diamine oxidase for intestinal targeting

Abstract

The association of carboxymethyl starch (CMS) and alginate is proposed as a novel matrix for the entrapment of bioactive agents in microspheres affording their protection against gastrointestinal degradation. In this study, the enzyme diamine oxidase (DAO) from white pea (Lathyrus sativus) was immobilized by inclusion in microspheres formed by ionotropic gelation of CMS/alginate by complexation with Ca2+. The association of CMS to alginate generated a more compact structure presenting a lesser porosity, thus decreasing the access of gastric fluid inside the microspheres and preventing the loss of entrapped enzyme. Moreover, the immobilized enzyme remained active and was able to oxidize the polyamine substrates even in the presence of degrading proteases of pancreatin. The inclusion yield in terms of entrapped protein was of about 82%–95%. The DAO entrapped in calcium CMS/alginate beads retained up to 70% of its initial activity in simulated gastric fluid (pH 2.0). In simulated intestinal fluid (pH 7.2) with pancreatin, an overall retention of 65% of activity for the immobilized DAO was observed over 24 H, whereas in similar conditions the free enzyme was totally inactivated. Our project proposes the vegetal DAO as an antihistaminic agent orally administered to treat food histaminosis and colon inflammation.

Polyelectrolyte Complexation versus Ionotropic Gelation for Chitosan-Based Hydrogels with Carboxymethylcellulose, Carboxymethyl Starch, and Alginic Acid

“…All polyanions used in the investigation have carboxyl groups [20,21]. e mixture of the different polyanions with the CS produced a hydrogel at a pH lower than 4, and the morphology of hydrogels is very sensitive to the preparation procedures [16,22,23]. In this study, differences which are related to the method used in each polymer gel were observed from SEM images.…”

“…In another study, Blemur et al [16] found that the ionotropic gelation of AA with CaCl 2 formed a porous structure, while chitosan interacted with alginate to form microspheres which exhibited porosity like alginate.…”

“…Polymer solutions were prepared at such concentrations that were able to pass through the needle and formed a separate drop without problems of fluency [16].…”

Histamine Intolerance: The Current State of the Art

“…A higher catalytic capacity of DAO enzymes of plant origin in degrading certain amino substrates has been described by some authors in comparison with those of animal origin [ 129 , 135 , 136 , 137 ]. Specifically, the germinated sprouts of certain edible legumes have been pointed out as interesting sources of DAO enzyme.…”

Plant Histaminase as Bioactive Agent to Lower the Histamine Level: A Mini-Review

“…Further studies are needed to evaluate the amounts of NH 3 released following the administration of DAO pills related to the amount generated by intestinal bacteria and that eliminated (intestinal absorption and by feces). This approach based on a vegetal DAO associated to Catalase is now in development and the bioactive enzymes will be formulated for oral administration as monolithic tablets conceived for lower intestine and colon delivery [66,67,74].…”