Carboxymethyl chitosan dopamine conjugates: Synthesis and evaluation for intranasal anti Parkinson therapy

Intranasal Therapy in Palliative Care

“…(2023) study of drug encapsulation in nanocarriers using chitosan and its derivatives [27]. It is believed that prolonged drug exposure to the nasal mucosa can be achieved due to the mucoadhesive properties of these carriers and their ability to temporarily open tight intercellular junctions.…”

“…Intranasal administration of the molecules allows them to penetrate brain tissue via the olfactory and trigeminal pathways bypassing the blood-brain-barrier (BBB) [ 25 , 26 ]. This is particularly important because the BBB is a very tight, selectively permeable membrane that helps maintain homeostasis in the CNS environment and protects the CNS from exposure to xenobiotics and toxic substances [ 13 , 14 , 27 ]. The BBB has been proven to resist the penetration of approximately 98% of small-molecule drugs and 100% of high-molecular-weight substances [ 24 ].…”

“…In a paper by Lam et al (2020), it was stated that formulations available for intravenous delivery can be used for nasal administration using appropriate devices such as a mucosal atomization device (MAD) [ 2 ]. Nevertheless, creating delivery systems that facilitate the supply of molecules to the appropriate tissue is a rapidly developing area of scientific research [ 1 , 26 , 27 ].…”

“…There are also studies that attempt to combine different systems, for example, mucoadhesive and mucopenetrating properties on the same particles [ 29 ]. Promising, although preclinical, are the results of Di Gioia et al (2023) study of drug encapsulation in nanocarriers using chitosan and its derivatives [ 27 ]. It is believed that prolonged drug exposure to the nasal mucosa can be achieved due to the mucoadhesive properties of these carriers and their ability to temporarily open tight intercellular junctions.…”

“…Nanosystems are small particles that facilitate the bioavailability of drugs and increase the residence time of the molecule in the nasal cavity, as well as enable their rapid penetration through the nasal mucosa. These features mean that nanosystems can facilitate the transport of drugs from the nose to the brain and peripheral circulation [ 27 ].…”