Carboxymethyl cellulose—hydroxyapatite hybrid hydrogel as a composite material for bone tissue engineering applications

Abstract

Natural bone is a complex inorganic-organic nanocomposite material, in which hydroxyapatite (HA) nanocrystals and collagen fibrils are well organized into hierarchical architecture over several length scales. In this work, we reported a new hybrid material (CMC-HA) containing HA drown in a carboxymethylcellulose (CMC)-based hydrogel. The strategy for inserting HA nanocrystals within the hydrogel matrix consists of making the freeze-dried hydrogel to swell in a solution containing HA microcrystals. The composite CMC-HA hydrogel has been characterized from a physicochemical and morphological point of view by means of FTIR spectroscopy, rheological measurements, and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM). No release of HA was measured in water or NaCl solution. The distribution of HA crystal on the surface and inside the hydrogel was determined by time of flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS) and FESEM. The biological performance of CMC-HA hydrogel were tested by using osteoblast MG63 line and compared with a CMC-based hydrogel without HA. The evaluation of osteoblast markers and gene expression showed that the addition of HA to CMC hydrogel enhanced cell proliferation and metabolic activity and promoted the production of mineralized extracellular matrix.

Bone augmentation after ectopic implantation of a cell-free collagen-hydroxyapatite scaffold in the mouse

“…Here, by grafting a bilayer scaffold without any trophic or cellular supplement, we have demonstrated that the ability of inducing migration and differentiation of resident cells is an intrinsic property of the biomaterial, and the observed difference in the subsequent changes of the material properties should be linked to the MHA content. These results are in line with data reported in literature212425. Collagen, which is the main protein component of bone, is able to induce MSCs differentiation into osteoblasts24.…”

Photocrosslinked layered gelatin-chitosan hydrogel with graded compositions for osteochondral defect repair

“…Therefore, the increased compressive modulus of the layered Gtn-CS hydrogel from the superficial layer to the deep layer may regulate the cartilage and bone regeneration in different regions. Hydrogels prepared from Gtn and CS, which dramatically simulated ECM, could provide a favorable environment for chondrogenesis and osteogenesis [47,48]. In our study, the H&E results indicated that the layered hydrogel could support the osteochondral defect repair compared with the blank defect group (Fig.…”

Secondary ion mass spectrometry and Raman spectroscopy for tissue engineering applications

“…(a) TOF-SIMS images show the distribution of Ca + and C 6 H 9 O 3 + ions characteristic of hydroxyapatite crystals and carboxymethylcellulose polymer, respectively, at the surface of a composite material for bone tissue engineering. Reproduced with permission from [27]. Copyright © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (b) PLSR was used to correlate TOF-SIMS data from 48 different polymer substrates to the frequency of SC colony formation [28].…”