Carboxymethyl Cellulose/Gelatin Hydrogel Films Loaded with Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles for Sustainable Food Packaging Applications

Zafar, Aqsa; Khosa, Muhammad Kaleem; Noor, Awal; Qayyum, Sadaf; Saif, Muhammad Jawwad

doi:10.3390/polym14235201

Cited by 20 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…In packaging, oxygen can degrade the food quality, and food packaging materials with lower oxygen permeability (OP) values are preferred [ 91 ]. Nanocomposites are continuously improved with additives/fillers [ 92 ]. Various clays have been used as fillers to improve the oxygen- and moisture-barrier performance [ 93 ].…”

Section: Barrier Performancementioning

confidence: 99%

A Review on Barrier Properties of Cellulose/Clay Nanocomposite Polymers for Packaging Applications

Jali,

Mohan,

Mwangi

et al. 2023

Polymers

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Packaging materials are used to protect consumer goods, such as food, drinks, cosmetics, healthcare items, and more, from harmful gases and physical and chemical damage during storage, distribution, and handling. Synthetic plastics are commonly used because they exhibit sufficient characteristics for packaging requirements, but their end lives result in environmental pollution, the depletion of landfill space, rising sea pollution, and more. These exist because of their poor biodegradability, limited recyclability, etc. There has been an increasing demand for replacing these polymers with bio-based biodegradable materials for a sustainable environment. Cellulosic nanomaterials have been proposed as a potential substitute in the preparation of packaging films. Nevertheless, their application is limited due to their poor properties, such as their barrier, thermal, and mechanical properties, to name a few. The barrier properties of materials play a pivotal role in extending and determining the shelf lives of packaged foods. Nanofillers have been used to enhance the barrier properties. This article reviews the literature on the barrier properties of cellulose/clay nanocomposite polymers. Cellulose extraction stages such as pretreatment, bleaching, and nanoparticle isolation are outlined, followed by cellulose modification methods. Finally, a brief discussion on nanofillers is provided, followed by an extensive literature review on the barrier properties of cellulose/clay nanocomposite polymers. Although similar reviews have been presented, the use of modification processes applied to cellulose, clay, and final nanocomposites to enhance the barrier properties has not been reviewed. Therefore, this article focuses on this scope.

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Section: Barrier Performancementioning

confidence: 99%

A Review on Barrier Properties of Cellulose/Clay Nanocomposite Polymers for Packaging Applications

Jali,

Mohan,

Mwangi

et al. 2023

Polymers

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“…When hydrogel-based packaging is used instead of traditional packaging approaches, the graph shows a reduced rate of food quality reduction as the storage time increases. Furthermore, by integrating functional materials such as antimicrobial agents or oxygen scavengers, hydrogels can be used as active packaging [ 11 , 12 , 13 ]. These functional materials can be embedded within the hydrogel matrix and slowly released over time, assisting in the preservation of food quality and freshness.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Essentially, cellulose is a polysaccharide composed of a linear chain of β-(1→4)-linked D-glucose units that assists as the main structural component of plant cell walls and is the most abundant renewable resource on the planet. In recent years, considerable attention and research have been devoted to investigating the potential of CBHs for various applications including food packaging [ 12 , 17 , 18 , 19 ]. Cellulose and its derivatives are ideal materials for hydrogel production in food packaging due to its numerous advantageous properties including cost-effectiveness, moldability, water absorption, swelling ability, stimuli responsiveness, biocompatibility, and biodegradability.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Additionally, the incorporation of active and intelligent features into bio-based food packaging materials is an innovative approach driven by the need to espouse sustainability, reduce waste, and improve the functionality and performance of packaging materials for next-generation smart consumers [ 30 , 31 ]. For example, Zafar et al [ 12 ] recently studied carboxymethyl cellulose/gelatin hydrogel films loaded with zinc oxide nanoparticles and revealed that they were effective in antibacterial and antioxidant activities for food preservation as well as biomedical applications. Several review studies on CBHs [ 19 , 32 , 33 , 34 , 35 ] are also available.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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State-of-the-Art Insights and Potential Applications of Cellulose-Based Hydrogels in Food Packaging: Advances towards Sustainable Trends

Singh

Itkor

Lee

2023

Gels

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Leveraging sustainable packaging resources in the circular economy framework has gained significant attention in recent years as a means of minimizing waste and mitigating the negative environmental impact of packaging materials. In line with this progression, bio-based hydrogels are being explored for their potential application in a variety of fields including food packaging. Hydrogels are three-dimensional, hydrophilic networks composed of a variety of polymeric materials linked by chemical (covalent bonds) or physical (non-covalent interactions) cross-linking. The unique hydrophilic nature of hydrogels provides a promising solution for food packaging systems, specifically in regulating moisture levels and serving as carriers for bioactive substances, which can greatly affect the shelf life of food products. In essence, the synthesis of cellulose-based hydrogels (CBHs) from cellulose and its derivatives has resulted in hydrogels with several appealing features such as flexibility, water absorption, swelling capacity, biocompatibility, biodegradability, stimuli sensitivity, and cost-effectiveness. Therefore, this review provides an overview of the most recent trends and applications of CBHs in the food packaging sector including CBH sources, processing methods, and crosslinking methods for developing hydrogels through physical, chemical, and polymerization. Finally, the recent advancements in CBHs, which are being utilized as hydrogel films, coatings, and indicators for food packaging applications, are discussed in detail. These developments have great potential in creating sustainable packaging systems.

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“…The molecular structure of G contains many active groups (‐OH and ‐NH 2 ), making it prone to self‐assembly or interaction with other materials to form a network structure, resulting in gel formation. Zafar et al used G, zinc oxide nanoparticles, and carboxymethyl cellulose to develop a food packaging film that has good thermal, antimicrobial, and mechanical properties 10 ; Li et al successfully prepared a G‐based aerogel with stable performance, high strength, and good thermal insulation for the construction industry 11 . Both CTS and G can gelate, and the interaction between the two produces a more stable gel structure due to the formation of tight physical or chemical pores when the functional groups cross‐link with each other 12 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study on the performance and application of coatings based on chitosan/gelatin/microbeads composite aerogel

Lin,

Sun,

Chen

et al. 2023

Packag Technol Sci

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Plastic reduction regulations have resulted in the gradual replacement of traditional food plastic packaging materials with biodegradable and recyclable paper‐based ones. However, paper is prone to water absorption and moisture damage, and it has poor insulation properties, which can impact food quality and user experience. Recently, biopolymers have gained wide interest as the main substrate for paper coatings, providing various qualities for paper‐based materials to meet food packaging requirements. The coating based on chitosan/gelatin/microbeads composite aerogel prepared in this study not only possesses inherent antimicrobial and preservation properties but also enhances the cardboard's mechanical strength, hydrophobicity, and thermal insulation effect after coating on cardboard. When the coating thickness was 30 μm, the tensile strength of the cardboard was enhanced by 0.65 kN/m, the contact angle increased by 19.3°, and the thermal conductivity coefficient decreased by 0.024 W·m−1·K−1. Therefore, the biopolymer composite coating developed in this study provides an eco‐friendly substitute for plastic coatings on cardboard. In addition to bacteriostatic and preserving freshness, it can also address paper‐based material shortcomings, ensuring food quality and safety with comprehensive packaging protection.

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Carboxymethyl Cellulose/Gelatin Hydrogel Films Loaded with Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles for Sustainable Food Packaging Applications

Cited by 20 publications

References 33 publications

A Review on Barrier Properties of Cellulose/Clay Nanocomposite Polymers for Packaging Applications

A Review on Barrier Properties of Cellulose/Clay Nanocomposite Polymers for Packaging Applications

State-of-the-Art Insights and Potential Applications of Cellulose-Based Hydrogels in Food Packaging: Advances towards Sustainable Trends

Study on the performance and application of coatings based on chitosan/gelatin/microbeads composite aerogel

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