Carbothermic Reduction of Nickeliferous Laterite Ores for Nickel Pig Iron Production in China: A Review

Rao, Mingjun; Li, Guanghui; Jiang, Tao; Luo, Jun; Zhang, Yuanbo; Fan, Xiaohui

doi:10.1007/s11837-013-0760-7

Cited by 124 publications

(62 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…No caso dos austeníticos, têm-se o exemplo de que a matéria-prima representa aproximadamente 70% do custo total [1]. De acordo com Crundwell et al [2] (2011, p.1, tradução), "Embora aproximadamente 70% das reservas minerais sejam encontradas em minérios lateríticos, somente 40% da produção do níquel se dá a partir das lateritas".…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Ensaios Mecânicos Em Aglomerados Autorredutores De Concentrado De Níquel

Júnior¹,

Feldhagen²,

Oliveira³

et al. 2016

ABM Proceedings

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ResumoO uso de minérios lateríticos na metalurgia extrativa do níquel tem demandado investimentos em pesquisa e acordos de cooperação técnica para o desenvolvimento de tecnologias mais econômicas e produtivas. Devido às características de difícil processamento do minério e pelo decréscimo da sua quantidade e qualidade, ressalta-se a necessidade de se determinar técnicas efetivas de concentração, que possibilitem o aproveitamento de minérios marginais finos. Estabelece-se então, dentro de uma rota de processamento proposta, a estratégia de se produzir aglomerados (pelotas e/ou briquetes) a partir de concentrado de níquel. Além da fabricação dos aglomerados, faz-se necessária a sua caracterização em uma série de ensaios, para servir de base para a certificação desse produto e sua aplicação em processos de obtenção de ferro níquel ou gusa enriquecido com níquel. Um dos ensaios realizados envolve a caracterização física desses aglomerados. O ensaio foi realizado em máquina universal de ensaios, observando-se a resistência à compressão de amostras de aglomerados que passaram por diferentes tipos de rotas de processamento, e de diferentes etapas do processo de pelotização. Os resultados mostram que os aglomerados submetidos ao ensaio possuem resistência à compressão de pelotas verdes e secas de minério de ferro, conforme o esperado. Palavras-chave: Níquel; Aglomeração; Caracterização; Ensaios. MECHANICAL TESTS FOR SELF-REDUCING AGGLOMERATES OF NICKEL CONCENTRATE AbstractThe utilization of lateritic ores in extractive metallurgy of nickel has required investments in research and technical cooperation agreements to development of more economic and productive technologies. Due the characteristics of difficult processing of the ore, and the decrease in it's quantity and quality, points up the importance of effective concentration techniques that aim at the use of fine fractions of marginal ores. Then it settles the strategy to produce agglomerates (pellets and / or briquettes) from nickel concentrates within a proposal of processing routes. In addition to manufacturing agglomerates, it is necessary to characterize such agglomerates, in series of tests, to be base on the certification of this product and application in processes to obtaining nickel-ferro-alloys or nickel pig iron enriched with nickel. One of the performed assays involves the physical characterization of such agglomerates. The test was made in universal testing machine, observing the compression strength of samples that passed through different processing routes, and different stages of the pelletizing process. The results show that the agglomerates compression resistance was close to the value known to iron ore dried pellets, as expected.

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Section: Introductionunclassified

Ensaios Mecânicos Em Aglomerados Autorredutores De Concentrado De Níquel

Júnior¹,

Feldhagen²,

Oliveira³

et al. 2016

ABM Proceedings

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“…One of the pyrometallurgical processes for the ferronickel production is the process Rotary Kiln-Electric Furnace (RKEF) (Rao et al, 2013). This processing route combines the calcination and the partial reduction of the iron and nickel oxides in a rotatory furnace, which product called calcine is then transformed in an arc electric furnace, the prevalent conditions in this reactor promote the reduction and fusion, getting a separated Fe-Ni alloy from the liquid slag.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermodynamic analysis of the reduction process of Colombian lateritic nickel ore

et al. 2015

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ABSTRACT:The Colombian nickeliferous laterites are minerals used for the nickel extraction by hydrometallurgical and pyrometallurgical processes. In this work the thermodynamic behaviour of three Colombian lateritic mineral samples are described, with contents of 1.42%, 1.78% y 2.04% of nickel, when they are subjected to the calcination and reduction processes. The mineral was characterized using X Rays Diffraction and X Rays Fluorescence, giving evidence of the presence of mineralogical species such as nepouite (Ni 3 Si 2 O 5 (OH) 4 ), goethite (Fe 2 O 3 .H 2 O), silica (SiO 2 ), antigorite (Mg 3 Si 2 O 5 (OH) 4 ) and fosferite (Mg 2 SiO 4 ). The thermodynamic analysis was conducted using the software HSC Chemistry for Windows 5.1 and was focused in the quantitative determination of the chemical evolution of the mixture of these minerals with variable quantities of coal, in function of temperature. The results produced by the program showed, in the equilibrium, the feasibility of complete reduction of the nickel, and additionally, a considerable high percentage of reduction of iron oxides (up to 99%) using ratio C/O ≈1 at temperatures close to 1100 °C. RESUMEN: Análisis termodinámico del proceso de reducción de minerales lateríticos de níquel colombianos.Las lateritas niquelíferas colombianas son minerales utilizados para la extracción de níquel mediante procesos hidrometalúrgicos y pirometalúrgicos. En este trabajo se describe el comportamiento termodinámico de tres muestras de mineral laterítico colombiano, con contenidos de 1,42; 1,78 y 2,04% de níquel, respectivamente, cuando se someten a los procesos de calcinación y reducción. El mineral se caracterizó utilizando difracción de rayos X y fluorescencia de rayos X, poniendo de manifiesto la presencia de especies mineralógicas tales como nepouita (Ni 3 Si 2 O 5 (OH) 4 ), goethita (Fe 2 O 3 .H 2 O), sílice (SiO 2 ), antigorita (Mg 3 Si 2 O 5 (OH) 4 ) y fosferita (Mg 2 SiO 4 ). El aná-lisis termodinámico se realizó utilizando el software HSC Chemistry for Windows 5.1, y el estudio se centró en la determinación cuantitativa de la evolución química de mezclas de estos minerales con cantidades variables de carbón en función de la temperatura. Los resultados obtenidos con el programa muestran, en el equilibrio, la posibilidad de reducción completa del níquel y un elevado porcentaje de reducción de los óxidos de hierro (hasta 99%) empleando relaciones C/O ≈1 a temperaturas cercanas a los 1100 °C.

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“…Because of the low Co content of this ore, Co recovery via pyrometallurgy is not required. Given the process reliability, the flexibility of the raw material, the management of production, and the investment returns, the rotary-kiln-electric-furnace (RKEF) smelting [19][20] has proven very feasible for processing the Ni ore from Tagaung Taung. Fig.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Two-stage reduction for the preparation of ferronickel alloy from nickel laterite ore with low Co and high MgO contents

Chen

Zhao

Wang

2017

Int J Miner Metall Mater

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Abstract:The preparation of ferronickel alloy from the nickel laterite ore with low Co and high MgO contents was studied by using a pre-reduction-smelting method. The effects of reduction time, calcination temperature, quantity of reductant and calcium oxide (CaO), and pellet diameter on the reduction ratio of Fe and on the pellet strength were investigated. The results show that, for a roasting temperature >800 °C, a roasting time >30 min, 1.5wt% added anthracite coal, 5wt% added CaO, and a pellet size of ~10 mm, the reduction ratio of Fe exceeds 70% and the compressive strength of the pellets exceeds 10 kg per pellet. Reduction smelting experiments were performed by varying the smelting time, temperature, quantity of reductant and CaO, and reduction ratio of Fe in the pellets. Optimal conditions for the reduction smelting process are as follows: smelting time, 30-45 min; smelting temperature, 1550°C; quantity of reductant, 4wt%-5wt%; and quantity of CaO, 5wt%; leading to an Fe reduction ratio of 75% in the pellets. In addition, the mineral composition of the raw ore and that during the reduction process were investigated by process mineralogy.

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Carbothermic Reduction of Nickeliferous Laterite Ores for Nickel Pig Iron Production in China: A Review

Cited by 124 publications

References 44 publications

Ensaios Mecânicos Em Aglomerados Autorredutores De Concentrado De Níquel

Ensaios Mecânicos Em Aglomerados Autorredutores De Concentrado De Níquel

Thermodynamic analysis of the reduction process of Colombian lateritic nickel ore

Two-stage reduction for the preparation of ferronickel alloy from nickel laterite ore with low Co and high MgO contents

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