Carbothermal reduction and nitriding of TiO2

Licko, T.; Figusch, V.; Púchyová, J.

doi:10.1016/s0955-2219(89)80009-3

Cited by 40 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…The progress of the reactions was monitored in terms of weight change and cell dimension (Vegard's rule), skipping microscale thermoanalytical methods. 5,16 A greater weight loss designates a proportionately larger carbon content replacing nitrogen atoms (for the TiN-C system) or C/N (for the TiO 2 -C system) at the non-metallic sublattice sites.…”

Section: Powder Processingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Details of the model are reported elsewhere. 1 Diverse opinions can be found in the literature about the final stages of the reactions 1,2,5,7,8,18 because of the lack of standardized experimental conditions. The stream of nitrogen gas and the constant removal of CO, for example, prevent a real achievement of thermodynamic equilibrium and create an 'open system'.…”

Section: Ctc Of Tiomentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In any case, mechanisms and reaction yield depend on several parameters: temperature and time, pressure and flow of gas, types of raw constituent (TiO 2 , TiN, carbon), particle sizeporosity-purity, diffusion rate of the moving species, volatility of the intermediate reactants. 1,2,5,7,8,18 An excess of carbon in the starting mixture (C:TiO 2 > 2.5 mol%) and a stronger nitrogen flow, for example, enhance the kinetics to obtain a better reaction yield. 3 In fact, the former enlarges the contact area, whereas the latter shortens the path for outgoing oxygen and incoming carbon/nitrogen and lowers the equilibrium constants.…”

Section: Ctc Of Tiomentioning

confidence: 99%

“…2,3,5,[7][8][9][10]12,13 Starting from blends of nanosize commercial TiN or TiO 2 powders mixed with different carbon powders (two carbon blacks, one active carbon), this study aimed to set up a low-cost route to synthesize pure and as fine as possible TiC 1 ÀX N X powders with an X value close to 0.5. The relationships among raw powders, processing conditions and characteristics of the products are reported and discussed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Synthesis of ultrafine titanium carbonitride powders

Monteverde

Medri

Bellosi

2001

Applied Organom Chemis

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Titanium-carbonitride-based materials are very hard materials with increasing technical importance. They are mainly used in composites with various metal carbides and/or metallic binders (cermets) for metal cutting operations. These applications call for the synthesis of titanium carbonitride powders with homogeneous chemical composition, as small as possible grain size and narrower grain size distribution. Nowadays on the market, only commercial submicrometric (0.5-2 mm) powders are available. Starting from blends of nanosize commercial TiN or TiO 2 powders mixed with different carbon powders (carbon black, active carbon), this study aimed to set up a low-cost process to synthesize fine and pure TiC 1ÀX N X powders with an X value close to 0.5. The morphology of the as-obtained powders and the progress of the reaction were investigated by scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction. The stoichiometric parameter X was estimated on the basis of a TiC 1ÀX N X Raoultian solid solution together with Vegard's rule. The results are presented and discussed to assess relations between powder characteristics and processing conditions. The most encouraging results were obtained using a mixture TiN 10 wt%C (carbon black) processed at 1430°C for 3 h under flowing argon. Regularly shaped particles with limited agglomeration ranged from 100 to 300 nm and an X value close to 0.5

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Section: Powder Processingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Ctc Of Tiomentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Ctc Of Tiomentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Synthesis of ultrafine titanium carbonitride powders

Monteverde

Medri

Bellosi

2001

Applied Organom Chemis

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“…No systematic study of reduction of these oxides in nitrogen-containing gas atmosphere was found in literature, although reduction of rutile in nitrogen was reported. 10,11,[18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25] This paper investigates the carbothermal reduction of ilmenites of different grades and synthetic rutile in the H2-N2 gas mixture and pure nitrogen at different temperatures. Ilmenites of different grades contain different amounts of iron and titanium oxides.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbothermal Reduction and Nitridation of Ilmenite Concentrates

2012

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Carbothermal reduction and nitridation of ilmenite concentrates of different grades and synthetic rutile were studied in isothermal experiments in hydrogen -nitrogen gas atmosphere and pure nitrogen in a tube reactor. Concentrations of CO and CO2 in the off gas were measured online using infrared gas analyser. The reaction products were analysed by X-ray diffraction. Iron oxides in ilmenite concentrates were reduced to metallic iron, and titanium oxides were converted to titanium oxycarbonitride. Reduction of ilmenite concentrates and synthetic rutile in hydrogen containing gas was significantly faster than in pure nitrogen. The rate of conversion of titania to titanium oxycarbonitride in the 50 vol% H2-50 vol% N2 gas mixture decreased with increasing grade of ilmenite concentrate. In nitrogen, reduction of synthetic rutile was faster than reduction of ilmenite concentrates.

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