Carbonized Hybrid Micro/Nanostructured Metasurfaces Produced by Femtosecond Laser Ablation in Organic Solvents for Biomimetic Antireflective Surfaces

Abstract

Hybrid micro/nanostructures and light-absorbing pigment of melanin are two key factors for the excellent antireflective properties of the butterfly wings of Ornithoptera goliath. In this work, femtosecond laser ablation of metals in an organic solvent (FLAMOS) was used to generate hybird micro/ nanostructured cross-linked ultrahigh/low spatial frequency laserinduced periodic surface structures (UHSFLs/LSFLs), which well mimic the antireflective architecture of Ornithoptera goliath. The simultaneously deposited carbon or newly formed transition metal carbide (TMC) plays the same role of light-absorbing pigment of melanin on Ornithoptera goliath. A total of 13 transition metals and one transition-metal alloy

Multiscale Hierarchical Micro/Nanostructures Created by Femtosecond Laser Ablation in Liquids for Polarization-Dependent Broadband Antireflection

“…According to the fact that 780 nm is the period of Ta-LIPSS obtained by fs-LA in air at λ = 1030 nm, the periods of Ta-LIPSSs obtained in water and ethanol/acetone at the wavelength of 1030 nm should be 441 and 421 nm, respectively. This calculation fits well with the period range of 400-600 nm experimentally obtained by fs-LA in water and acetone at a close wavelength of 1045 nm, as presented in this work and our previous work [18]. Hence, it can be concluded that the theoretical trend of Λ ∝ 1/n 2 proposed by Kudryashov et al [48] is at least applicable to some cases.…”

“…The refractive indices of air, water, ethanol and acetone are 1, To compare the difference between our results and previous reports, LIPSSs obtained on Ta and W by fs-LA in both air and liquids are summarized in Table 1. In our previous report, we showed that, under the same ablation condition, the periods of LIPSSs (including both LSFLs/HSFLs and UHSFLs) obtained by fs-LAL in acetone [18] were almost the same as those produced by fs-LA in water shown in this work. Studies on Ta-LIPSS are very limited.…”

“…Jorge-Mora et al produced LSFLs on Ta surfaces by fs-LA in air with LIPSS periods which were slightly smaller than the laser wavelength (λ = 1030 nm vs. Λ = 780 nm) [52] but much larger than the periods (370-600 nm) of Ta-LIPSSs obtained in liquids (this work and ref. [18]). This means that liquid is beneficial for achieving narrower periods of LIPSSs, a trend that is also confirmed by the summary of the periods of Si-LIPSSs obtained in different environments [15].…”

“…Abou-Saleh et al found that UHSFLs were located between LSFLs on the Cr surface treated by fs-LA and proposed that spallation-induced roughness was a key factor in triggering the formation of UHSFLs during multi-pulse fs-LA [32]. Based on comprehensive experiments of fs-LA in acetone, our group demonstrated the material-dependent formation of hierarchical UHSFL/LSFL nanostructures on the group IVB−VIB transition metals (e.g., Ti, V, Nb, Ta, Mo and W) [18]. On group VIII (e.g., Fe, Pd, Pt and Ni) and IB/IB−IIB (e.g., Au, Ag, Cu and CuZn) transition metals or alloy, only LSFLs and hole-rich microstructures, rather than the hierarchical LSFLs/UHSFLs, were yielded [18].…”

“…Based on comprehensive experiments of fs-LA in acetone, our group demonstrated the material-dependent formation of hierarchical UHSFL/LSFL nanostructures on the group IVB−VIB transition metals (e.g., Ti, V, Nb, Ta, Mo and W) [18]. On group VIII (e.g., Fe, Pd, Pt and Ni) and IB/IB−IIB (e.g., Au, Ag, Cu and CuZn) transition metals or alloy, only LSFLs and hole-rich microstructures, rather than the hierarchical LSFLs/UHSFLs, were yielded [18]. The orientations of UHSFLs are commonly considered to be parallel to the direction of laser polarization [27].…”