Carbonization and graphitization of Kapton-type polyimide film having boron-bearing functional groups

Konno, Hidetaka; Shiba, K.; Kaburagi, Yutaka; Hishiyama, Yoshihiro; Inagaki, Michio

doi:10.1016/s0008-6223(00)00304-3

Cited by 32 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…3, the decomposition of the Kapton ® polyimide under different atmospheres commences around 773 K and the sample weight decreases significantly within a temperature range of 773-923 K. Beyond 923 K, the rate of weight loss reduces. It has been reported that CO and CO 2 are the main gaseous products evolved during this temperature range, beyond which the weight change eases, resulting in gradual decreases with increasing temperature due to the evolution of CH 4 and H 2 [18][19][20]. However, the decomposition rate under helium atmosphere is still appreciable beyond 923 K. After the heat treatment at a programmed temperature range of 673-1073 K, the final percent weight loss during pyrolysis under helium, nitrogen and argon atmospheres were 76.78, 65.85 and 62.30%, respectively.…”

Section: Thermogravimetric Analysismentioning

confidence: 98%

“…The formation of these volatiles are due to the cleavage of ether bond, C N bond, or imide ring, etc. In the meanwhile, isocyanate group, amino group, carbodiimide bond, or cyano group are developed and reactions such as hydrogen abstraction and intramolecular coupling occur [18][19][20]. Since the cleavage of certain bonds is closely related to the energy input, it is possible that the cleavage of these bonds occurs at a lower furnace temperature for helium due to the higher convection heat transfer coefficient as compared to argon and nitrogen atmospheres for the same heating programme.…”

Section: Thermogravimetric Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of carbonisation atmosphere on the structural characteristics and transport properties of carbon membranes prepared from Kapton® polyimide

Lua

2007

Journal of Membrane Science

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Section: Thermogravimetric Analysismentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Thermogravimetric Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of carbonisation atmosphere on the structural characteristics and transport properties of carbon membranes prepared from Kapton® polyimide

Lua

2007

Journal of Membrane Science

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“…Confirmation has been obtained [32,33] of the idea that the mechanism for high-temperature rearrangement in nitrogen-bearing polymers is due to the electron-donor activity of the nitrogen atoms [6]. Introducing boron atoms, which act as acceptors, can alter the electron energy in the polyconjugated bond system and produce a cooperative effect on the carbonization kinetics of nitrogen-bearing polymers.…”

mentioning

confidence: 94%

The role of nitrogen atoms in forming the carbon structure in the carbonization of polymer composites

2008

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Data have been used from X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, small-angle X-ray spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance, IR Fourier spectroscopy, electron spectroscopy, and other current methods for polyacrylonitrile, polypyromellitimide, hydrated cellulose, hard coals, and various model compounds to examine the effects of the nitrogen atoms on carbonization and graphitization. The nitrogen atoms are found to have multiple effects on the thermochemical and thermophysical parameters of the polymer carbonization over a wide temperature range. In the derivation of the carbon structures, the nitrogen acts as a messenger combined agent, which gives rise to heterorings, which are transformed into intermediate aromatic compounds, which form the basis of the matrix synthesis consisting of ordered graphite-type structures.Polymer carbonization is a thermochemical process with a long history. The first researches in this area were simultaneous with the determination of the macromolecular nature of coal.Analyses of hard coals with various degrees of metamorphism show that in addition to carbon they contain various heteroatoms, amongst which nitrogen and sulfur are counted fairly frequently no matter what the local origin of the coal. One trend in coal chemistry was research on thermal treatment, which alters the coal composition and structure. It alters the basic applied parameters of coal as a fuel. From the viewpoint of the chemistry and physics of macromolecular compounds, the changes occurring in coals involve thermophysical and thermochemical reactions. The multiplet composition found in coals means that these processes are inseparable and have effects on the composition and properties of the heat-treatment products. Numerous researches [1][2][3] have shown that competition between destruction and structuring determines the trend in thermochemical processes. The heating conditions determine whether the coal will burn almost completely up to a certain temperature and be converted to gaseous and readily volatile products from thermal and thermal-oxidative destruction. With special technologies, a hard coal can be converted to carbon-saturated products, from which carbon materials and components are formed that are used in many branches of industry.The transformations in the polymers forming the main part of a coal are dependent on many factors, amongst which a considerable part is played by the elemental and functional compositions. Accumulated analytical data for the area have enabled one to build up qualitative and quantitative pictures of the transformation of the constituent elements over wide temperature ranges. The data allow one to observe fairly novel properties of the nitrogen atoms: they are preserved in the carbonized products, whereas the atoms of hydrogen, oxygen, sulfur, and certain other elements almost completely leave the sphere of thermochemical reactions up to temperatures of 1000-1200°C. However, most researchers have not drawn any further conclusions from the unusual thermal stability of nitrogen in th...

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“…We have reported that when boron is added to the carbon precursors containing nitrogen, the decrease in W N due to high HTT is significantly moderated with the formation of >B-N< bond in the basic structural unit, BSU, of carbon [12][13][14]. Nitrogen doping into the carbon hexagonal structure causes slight distortion of the hexagonal plane [15] and also imbalanced distribution of the net charges on carbon and nitrogen atoms in the plane [14,15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High capacitance B/C/N composites for capacitor electrodes synthesized by a simple method

Konno

Ito

Ushiro

et al. 2010

Journal of Power Sources

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The B/C/N composites were synthesized by a very simple method, that is, carbonization at HTT = 800-1200˚C of the precursor prepared by drying a solution mixture of polyacrylamide and boric acid, followed by boiling in water to remove borate by-products. The amount of insoluble B species in the composite increased linearly from 4.8 to 18.6 mass% with raising HTT. The XRD and FT-IR , larger for lower HTT, in the acid and neutral electrolytes, respectively.

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Carbonization and graphitization of Kapton-type polyimide film having boron-bearing functional groups

Cited by 32 publications

References 18 publications

Effects of carbonisation atmosphere on the structural characteristics and transport properties of carbon membranes prepared from Kapton® polyimide

Effects of carbonisation atmosphere on the structural characteristics and transport properties of carbon membranes prepared from Kapton® polyimide

The role of nitrogen atoms in forming the carbon structure in the carbonization of polymer composites

High capacitance B/C/N composites for capacitor electrodes synthesized by a simple method

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