Distribution automation is a necessary means and shortcut to improve the reliability, safety, and service quality of power supply in distribution networks, improve work efficiency, and reduce operating costs. This article uses the ant colony algorithm to study the problem of distribution network fault recovery strategy and proposes a distribution network fault recovery strategy algorithm based on the ant colony algorithm. Established a mathematical model for fault recovery in distribution networks; Using random spanning tree theory to control ants to search within feasible solution domains, and the ant routing rules and pheromone update strategies were provided, and the correctness of the method was verified through simulation.