Carbonic Anhydrase Activity in Plants in Relation to Zinc Content

Wood, JG; Sibly, Pamela M

doi:10.1071/bi9520244

Cited by 31 publications

(15 citation statements)

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“…This work confirms published findings that carbonic anhydrase is depressed by zinc deficiency (2,19). In plants, the enzyme is generally thought to contain tightly bound zinc (1,17).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 81%

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Zinc Deficiency, Carbonic Anhydrase, and Photosynthesis in Leaves of Spinach

Randall¹,

Bouma²

1973

Plant Physiol.

124

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A shortage in the zinc supply to spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) drastically reduced carbonic anhydrase levels with little effect on net C02 uptake per unit leaf area, except with the most severe zinc stresses. Under these conditions, carbonic anhydrase was below 10% and photosynthesis 60 to 70% of the control levels. When photosynthesis was measured at a range of CO2 supply levels, zinc-deficient leaves were less efficient at 300 to 350 microliters per liter CO2 and above, but the same as controls at lower CO levels. This suggests that carbonic anhydrase does not affect the diffusion of C02, and that the effect of zinc deficiency was on the photosynthetic process itself. Our evidence does not support the hypothesis that carbonic anhydrase has some role in facilitating the supply of C02 to the sites of carboxylation within the chloroplast.Carbonic anhydrase is widespread in plants, but its exact physiological role is still uncertain. It may be directly involved in photosynthesis, facilitating the diffusion of CO2 through the liquid phase of the cell to the chloroplast (9,13,20). In algae grown at high CO2, carbonic anhydrase is absent. After transfer to low CO2, photosynthesis is at first negligible, but later increases in step with increasing carbonic anhydrase levels (8). In higher plants, acetazolamide, an inhibitor of carbonic anhydrase, has been shown to reduce photosynthesis by intact chloroplasts. The inhibition can be overcome by raising the bicarbonate level (4). Acetazolamide also inhibits the photosynthesis of detached leaves of spinach and maize (5). Wood and Sibly (19) found that zinc-deficient plants contained low levels of carbonic anhydrase. In the experiments reported in this paper, we have studied the relationship between carbonic anhydrase and photosynthesis by manipulating the zinc supply to the plant. By this means, we have obtained large changes in carbonic anhydrase. However, these were accompanied by small effects on photosynthesis. The results reported do not support the hypothesis that carbonic anhydrase is directly involved in photosynthesis. MATERIALS AND METHODS

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“…This work confirms published findings that carbonic anhydrase is depressed by zinc deficiency (2,19). In plants, the enzyme is generally thought to contain tightly bound zinc (1,17).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 81%

“…Acetazolamide also inhibits the photosynthesis of detached leaves of spinach and maize (5). Wood and Sibly (19) found that zinc-deficient plants contained low levels of carbonic anhydrase. In the experiments reported in this paper, we have studied the relationship between carbonic anhydrase and photosynthesis by manipulating the zinc supply to the plant.…”

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confidence: 99%

Zinc Deficiency, Carbonic Anhydrase, and Photosynthesis in Leaves of Spinach

Randall¹,

Bouma²

1973

Plant Physiol.

124

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“…Confirmation that zinc is necessary for the stability of these ribosomes would also be proof that it is essential for normal growth and development (Price et al 1972). Wood and Sibly (1952) found that in tomato plants grown under zinc-deficient conditions the low zinc content is related to the carboanhydrase activity and the protein-nitrogen content. If zinc is supplied to microorganisms (Neurospora) suffering from zinc deficiency, the activity of alcohol dehydrogenase is enhanced only in the presence of nitrogen, which indicates that protein synthesis processes are involved.…”

Section: Uptake and Distribution In Terrestrial Plantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Zinc

and¹,

Eder²

2004

Elements and Their Compounds in the Environment

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“…When Zn-deficient Neurospora were repleted with Zn, alcohol dehydrogenase (a Zn metalloenzyme) activity increased appreciably but a source of nitrogen was required-as though protein synthesis must have occurred concomitantly [18]. WOOD and SIBLY [28] found that the activity of carbonic anhydrase (a Zn metalloenzyme) in oat leaves was reduced by a deficiency of Zn, the inhibition being related to the blocking of protein synthesis and not to a lack of sufficient Zn to activate the enzyme. KESSLER [l11 demonstrated that the ribonuclease activity of apple leaves increased sharply with a decreased Zn content below 15 ppm.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparisons Between Nucleic Acids, Protein, Zinc, and Manganese in Rat Liver: A Relation Between Zinc and Ribonucleic Acid

M.Ed

1970

Pediatr Res

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ExtractThe relations of total zinc, manganese, nucleic acids, and protein in the livers of control, hypophysectomized, and calorie-restricted rats were evaluated by regression analysis and analysis of covariance (tables I through V).The most striking findings were the demonstration of a continuous relation between RNA and zinc in the livers of the control rats and of experimental groups ( fig. 2), and an absolute increase in the content of manganese in the livers of the calorie-restricted animals ( fig. 3).It is suggested that zinc is important for the maintenance of ribonucleic acid synthesis and subsequent protein synthesis in mammalian tissues. SpeculationIn biological tissues, ribonucleic acid is a necessary precursor for protein synthesis; possibly zinc, acting as a cofactor, is of equal importance. Introductionacid (DNA), ribonucleic acid (RNA), and protein.These interrelations are considered for control rats, In an earlier paper [3] it was reported that during a rats receiving adequate protein but inadequate calories, variety of circumstances affecting growth of rats and for rats that had been hypophysectomized. (endocrine imbalance, calorie restriction) the ratios Regression equations presented in this communicain liver of both zinc and ribonucleic acid to deoxyribo-tion contain a common factor, liver weight, through nucleic acid appeared to parallel each other closely. which both the dependent and independent variables This suggested that the two components were related are calculated. This, of course, leads to somewhat within the cell. The present study was designed to spurious correlations. The emphasis of the statistical examine the relation of zinc and manganese to nucleic analysis, however, is not on the fitted equations but acids and protein within the rat liver by more definitive on the comparisons of the sets of data by analysis of statistical methods in order to strengthen or discard covariance. This permits comparisons of animals of the previous finding. varying ages and sizes in a way that is biologically Statistical analysis, namely regression analysis and meaningful. analysis of covariance, was utilized to inspect the relaAnalysis of covariance affords a sensitive statistical tion of total zinc (Zn) and also total manganese (Mn) method by which two regression lines may be compared in rat liver with the liver content of deoxyribonucleic to determine whether they are from two different pop-

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Carbonic Anhydrase Activity in Plants in Relation to Zinc Content

Cited by 31 publications

References 5 publications

Zinc Deficiency, Carbonic Anhydrase, and Photosynthesis in Leaves of Spinach

Zinc Deficiency, Carbonic Anhydrase, and Photosynthesis in Leaves of Spinach

Zinc

Comparisons Between Nucleic Acids, Protein, Zinc, and Manganese in Rat Liver: A Relation Between Zinc and Ribonucleic Acid

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