Carbonation resistance of fly ash concrete

Lye, Chao-Qun; Dhir, Ravindra K.; Ghataora, Gurmel S.

doi:10.1680/macr.15.00204

Cited by 55 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 114 publications

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“…However, these options would have to be weighed against the various aspects that need to be considered when designing structural concrete, such as durability, sustainability, practicality and cost benefits. (d) Comparing GGBS concrete carbonation data with FA concrete carbonation data reported previously by the authors (Lye et al, 2015), the main similarities and dissimilarities are as follows.…”

mentioning

confidence: 78%

“…Although the relationships between accelerated and natural carbonation established in the two studies (this work and Lye et al (2015)) are different for FA and GGBS (as shown in Table 11), for practical purposes, a conversion factor of 1 week of accelerated carbonation (at 3-5% carbon dioxide concentration) equal to about 0·5 year indoor carbonation can be assumed.…”

Section: Accelerated and Indoor Carbonation Relationshipmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…& To compare the carbonation resistance of GGBS concrete with that of fly ash (FA) concrete, as recently reported by the authors (Lye et al, 2015).…”

Section: Aims and Objectivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Distribution of literature data evaluation approach adopted have deliberately been kept similar to that adopted previously by the authors in the study of carbonation of FA concrete (Lye et al, 2015).…”

Section: Outline Of the Approach Adoptedmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Carbonation resistance of GGBS concrete

Lye

Dhir

Ghataora

2016

Magazine of Concrete Research

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This study presents an analysis of a 30 000 strong data matrix derived from 227 studies originating from 35 countries since 1968. Similar to the fly ash effect, the carbonation of concrete increases with the incorporation of ground granulated blast-furnace slag (GGBS), but the rate increases as GGBS content is increased. This effect is greater for concrete designed on an equal water/cement (w/c) basis to the corresponding Portland cement (PC) concrete than on an equal strength basis. The Eurocode 2 specification for XC3 carbonation exposure in terms of the characteristic cube strength of concrete (or its w/c ratio) may need to be increased (or decreased) with the addition of GGBS. Other influencing factors, including GGBS fineness, total cement content and curing, were also investigated. In some cases, the carbonation of in-service GGBS concrete has been estimated to exceed the specified cover before 50 years of service life. Measures to minimise the carbonation of GGBS concrete are proposed. Fully carbonated reinforced GGBS concrete is assessed to show a higher corrosion rate. In relation to PC concrete, the carbonation of GGBS concrete is essentially similar when exposed to 3-5% carbon dioxide accelerated or indoor natural exposure, and the conversion factor of 1 week accelerated carbonation equal to 0·6 year is established. Introduction BackgroundGround granulated blast-furnace slag (GGBS), a by-product of iron manufacture, because of its latent hydraulic nature requires alkali activation, from Portland cement (PC) for example. Indeed, the use of GGBS in combination with PC in concrete (GGBS concrete) has long been acknowledged. The first blast-furnace slag cement works was opened in Germany in 1865 and specifications for GGBS use with PC began to appear in Germany towards the end of the nineteenth century and in the UK during the early part of the twentieth century (BSI, 1923). The allowable proportion of GGBS as a cement component increased from about 30% in the 1910s to 90% in the 1970s (BSI, 1968).With sustainability increasingly an issue, and sustainable construction materials seen as central to the sustainability agenda, the use of increasingly high proportions of GGBS in attempts to reduce the carbon dioxide footprint of cement used in construction has become attractive. Its use is now covered by all the major standards, such as BS EN 197-1 (BSI, 2011), and permissible GGBS content can be as high as 95% (known as CEM III/C cement).Notwithstanding the above, as durability forms a major element of concrete specification and is directly connected with sustainable construction, issues related to durability need to be carefully examined. In terms of chemical composition, GGBS can be assumed to improve the resistance of concrete to chloride ingress (and thereby reduce the risk of reinforcement corrosion), sulfate attack and alkali-silica reaction. However, despite the great deal of research undertaken, with 227 published papers in the English medium from 35 countries mainly since 1985, consensus on the effec...

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mentioning

confidence: 78%

Section: Accelerated and Indoor Carbonation Relationshipmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…& To compare the carbonation resistance of GGBS concrete with that of fly ash (FA) concrete, as recently reported by the authors (Lye et al, 2015).…”

Section: Aims and Objectivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Outline Of the Approach Adoptedmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Carbonation resistance of GGBS concrete

Lye

Dhir

Ghataora

2016

Magazine of Concrete Research

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“…e environmental factor includes relative humidity [11][12][13][14], and the compositions include water-cement ratio [15], various supplementary cementing materials [16][17][18], aggregates [19,20], and mix proportions [21,22]. In these studies, there are few researches about the carbonation situation on the carbonation surface.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Numerical Simulation on Carbonation Depth of Concrete Structures considering Time‐ and Temperature‐Dependent Carbonation Process

Peng

Tang

Zhang

et al. 2018

Advances in Materials Science and Engineering

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In order to further understand the carbonation process of concrete structures, the time-and temperature-dependent diffusion process of CO 2 in concrete is simulated based on the law of the CO 2 mass conservation, and a two-dimensional mass transfer equation is established for the CO 2 diffusion in concrete. e concrete block is discretized into triangular elements, and the CO 2 concentrations at different positions are calculated based on finite element method. A computational algorithm is programed through the Matlab platform. e time-and temperature-dependent property and difference of the CO 2 concentration at different positions of the structure are considered in the proposed model. en, an accelerated carbonation experiment is carried out using concrete blocks with different mix proportions to investigate the influence of the water-cement ratio and temperature on the concrete carbonation. e experimental results effectively verify the correctness of the finite element model, and the proposed finite element method reasonably simulates the concrete carbonation through calculating the carbonation in practical engineering compared with other methods in references. An experimental-numerical correlation has been performed. e ratio of carbonation depth at the corner of the concrete members to the other positions is about 1.35. e carbonation depth is increased about 1.9 times when the temperature changes from 20°C to 40°C.

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