Carbonated steel slags as supplementary cementitious materials: Reaction kinetics and phase evolution

Srivastava, Sumit; Cerutti, M. Cristina; Nguyen, Hoang; Carvelli, Valter; Kinnunen, Päivö; Illikainen, Mirja

doi:10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2023.105213

Cited by 24 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…Another big challenge of this topic is the reuse of carbonated steel slag in the cement industry. As different studies show, the introduction of steel slag as SCMs reduces the compressive strength of the cement and this reduction is proportional to the percentage of replacement (Zhang et al, 2011;Srivastava et al, 2023). Otherwise, the carbonation treatment improves the hydraulic properties of steel slag making them suitable for this use.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…the CO 2 pressure, the calcite content and consequently the mechanical performance change. The sample carbonated at 1 bar (less calcite formed) reaches a double value compared to the mix with slag carbonated at 5 bar (high calcite content) (Srivastava et al, 2023). Also, particle size can influence the compressive strength of the mix.…”

Section: Supplementary Cementitious Materialsmentioning

confidence: 98%

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Accelerated Carbonation of Steel Slag and Their Valorisation in Cement Products: A Review

Biava,

Depero,

Bontempi

2024

Span. J. Soil Sci.

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Mineral carbonation emerges as a promising technology to tackle a contemporary challenge: climate change. This method entails the interaction of carbon dioxide with metal-oxide-bearing materials to produce solid carbonates resembling common substances (chalk, antacids, or baking soda). Given that steelmaking industries contribute to 8% of the global total emissions annually, the repurposing of their by-products holds the potential to mitigate CO2 production. Steel slag is a by-product of the metallurgical industry which is suitable for capturing CO2 due to its chemical composition, containing high CaO (24%–65%) and MgO (3%–20%) amounts, which increases the reactivity with the CO2. Moreover, the carbonation process can improve the hydraulic and mechanical properties of steel slag, making this by-product interesting to be reused in building materials. Different studies have developed in the last years addressing the possibilities of reducing the environmental impact of steel products, by CO2 sequestration. This study is dedicated to reviewing the basics of mineral carbonation applied to steel slag, along with recent advancements in research. Special emphasis is placed on identifying parameters that facilitate the reactions and exploring potential applications for the resulting products. The advantages and disadvantages of steel slag carbonation for the industrialization of the process are also discussed.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Supplementary Cementitious Materialsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Accelerated Carbonation of Steel Slag and Their Valorisation in Cement Products: A Review

Biava,

Depero,

Bontempi

2024

Span. J. Soil Sci.

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“…5,6 Carbonated BOFS powder can replace 10−30% cement, and the presence of nanocarbonates can accelerate early hydration and formation of carboaluminate, enhancing the mechanical and durability performances of mortar or concrete. 7,8 Furthermore, direct carbonation can induce rapid BOFS hardening, rendering it a carbon-negative binder to produce cementless building products, such as shaped blocks and artificial aggregates. 9−11 However, one drawback of the direct carbonation of the BOFS is that the produced layer on the surface could delay further leaching of Ca from the BOFS and its subsequent reaction with the unreacted phases.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Basic oxygen furnace slag (BOFS) can potentially sequester CO 2 via mineralization of its rich calcium oxide. − Generally, both direct and indirect carbonation is widely adopted for BOFS carbonation. In direct carbonation, BOFS is directly carbonated to form CaCO 3 attached on the surface of particles and can be used as a construction material. , Carbonated BOFS powder can replace 10–30% cement, and the presence of nanocarbonates can accelerate early hydration and formation of carboaluminate, enhancing the mechanical and durability performances of mortar or concrete. , Furthermore, direct carbonation can induce rapid BOFS hardening, rendering it a carbon-negative binder to produce cementless building products, such as shaped blocks and artificial aggregates. − However, one drawback of the direct carbonation of the BOFS is that the produced layer on the surface could delay further leaching of Ca from the BOFS and its subsequent reaction with the unreacted phases. This problem can be addressed by indirect carbonation, which involves a multistep reaction process, including Ca leaching and subsequent aqueous carbonation, in which the ex-situ generation of CaCO 3 is facilitated .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis of High-Purity and Stable Vaterite Via Leaching–Carbonation of Basic Oxygen Furnace Slag

Song,

Guo,

Ling

2024

ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng.

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Against the backdrop of the limited industrial application and low added value of precipitated calcium carbonate produced through the indirect carbonation of basic oxygen furnace slag (BOFS), this study proposed a simple approach (extracting Ca 2+ from BOFS using ammonium chloride (NH 4 Cl) and subsequently optimizing the aqueous carbonation process) for synthesizing high-purity vaterite with greater added value. The influencing factors in the enhancement of Ca 2+ leaching efficiency and maximization of carbonation to sequester CO 2 were studied. Within a very short time (10 min), a Ca 2+ leaching ratio of 60.3% was achieved, while a 99.5% carbonation ratio was attained by adding NH 4 OH to produce high-purity (98%) homogeneous vaterite. The alkaline pH (∼10.6) of the solution was refined using ammonia to achieve a higher CO 3 2− /Ca 2+ ratio and solution supersaturation for the stimulation of vaterite nucleation. The adsorption of NH 4 + and metal cations from BOFS on the surface of vaterite acted as a crystalline control agent to inhibit the transformation of vaterite into calcite. In addition, the carbonation filtrate can be recycled at least six times with a sustained extraction-carbonation efficiency of over 60% while maintaining the vaterite crystalline integrity. The solid residue was mainly composed of silica gel and inert reducible oxide (RO) phase, which can be used as a potential supplementary cementitious material due to its pozzolanic properties. Findings from this study provide new insights into the valorization of BOFS to mitigate CO 2 emissions and promote the sustainable industrial application of the BOFS indirect carbonation process.

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“…This includes strategies like eliminating the residual adhesive mortar from the aggregate's surface and enhancing the adhesive mortar's performance. The second approach entails enhancing the overall quality of synthesized recycled concrete directly by incorporating supplementary materials, such as polymers and mineral admixtures [25][26][27][28][29][30]. Heat treatment stands out as a favorable approach for dissolving weakly bonded mortar because of its straightforward application and cost efficiency.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental Study and Mathematical Modeling of Mechanical Properties of Basalt Fiber-Reinforced Recycled Concrete Containing a High Content of Construction Waste

Chen,

Chen

2023

Construction Materials

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Herein, we conducted an experimental test on basalt fiber-reinforced concrete with a high content of construction and demolition waste and then established some mathematical models based on Taylor’s formula. The concrete was prepared by using recycled clay brick powder in place of cement and recycled coarse aggregates as a substitution for natural coarse aggregates. The basalt fiber in weight dosages of 0, 0.1, 0.3, and 0.5% was used for reinforcement. The results showed that the compressive strength of concrete declined as the content of recycled aggregates increased, while the compressive strength first increased and then decreased as the basalt fiber dosage lifted. Regarding the splitting tensile strength, the reinforcement effect of basalt fiber in concrete with a high content of recycled aggregate is more significant when compared to its to its counterpart, which contains no or fewer recycled aggregates. The concrete with 0.5% basalt fiber dosage and 100% recycled aggregate content retains an equivalent compressive strength as to that of natural aggregate concrete and has about a 90% splitting tensile strength. In addition, the cubic function in comparison to the quadratic function has a higher fitting accuracy.

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Carbonated steel slags as supplementary cementitious materials: Reaction kinetics and phase evolution

Cited by 24 publications

References 34 publications

Accelerated Carbonation of Steel Slag and Their Valorisation in Cement Products: A Review

Accelerated Carbonation of Steel Slag and Their Valorisation in Cement Products: A Review

Synthesis of High-Purity and Stable Vaterite Via Leaching–Carbonation of Basic Oxygen Furnace Slag

Experimental Study and Mathematical Modeling of Mechanical Properties of Basalt Fiber-Reinforced Recycled Concrete Containing a High Content of Construction Waste

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