	Carbonate mud deposited below storm wave base: A critical review

Birgenheier, Lauren P.; Moore, Shawn A.

doi:10.2110/sedred.2018.4.4

Cited by 13 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Preservation of organic matter was favoured by the very limited bioturbation and clastic dilution in this low-energy and low-oxygen environment with low sedimentation rates (cf. Birgenheier & Moore, 2018).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The thin‐bedding, massive character and well‐preserved carbonaceous matter in calcareous mudstone (F4a) suggest in situ pelagic biogenic production by calcareous organisms, which is well‐established in the study area during the Early Jurassic (mainly coccolithophorids, Angelozzi & Pérez Panera, 2016). Allochthonous biodetrital carbonate mud plumes exported from platform environments by storm‐wave‐induced offshore transport (Schieber, 2016; Birgenheier & Moore, 2018) might also have contributed to accumulation of calcareous mudstone. Bioclastic calcareous sandstone (F4c) and siltstone (F4b) with normal grading, current ripples and low angle‐lamination, in the lower part of FA4, suggest clastic dilution by storm‐wave enhanced, bioclastic‐rich, low‐density turbidity currents (Table 1; Bouma, 1962; Lowe, 1982).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Preservation of organic matter was favoured by the very limited bioturbation and clastic dilution in this low‐energy and low‐oxygen environment with low sedimentation rates (cf. Birgenheier & Moore, 2018). Reducing conditions below the seabed promoted pyrite mineralization and pre‐compaction seabed diagenetic processes that formed the calcareous concretions, which record very low sedimentation rates or breaks in sedimentation (Taylor et al ., 1995).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…(5-20 cm) Diffuse or sharp base and top. Pelagic settling with frequent clastic dilution by storm-derived low-density biodetrital carbonate mud plumes and ash-fall, in a low-energy and poorly-oxygenated environment (Schieber, 2016;Birgenheier & Moore, 2018) below the SWB (50-100 m up to 200-400 m depth).…”

Section: F4amentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evolution from syn‐rift carbonates to early post‐rift deep‐marine intraslope lobes: The role of rift basin physiography on sedimentation patterns

et al. 2021

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The stratigraphic architecture of Early Jurassic strata exposed along a >10 km long transect in the Chachil Graben, an exhumed marine rift depocentre in the Neuqu en Basin (Argentina), provides insights into the sedimentological and stratigraphic expression of the syn-rift to post-rift transition. A change from syn-rift intrabasinal carbonate to post-rift extrabasinal siliciclastic sedimentation is recorded, as well as variations in sediment supply and dispersal patterns across rift-related topography. The late syn-rift was marked by a transgression and development of a shallow-marine carbonate system, including carbonate platform deposits perched on fault-block highs and periplatform deposits accumulated in fault-block lows, which overlies continental volcanosedimentary syn-rift deposits. Differential subsidence and basin deepening induced retrogradation of the carbonate system, which was progressively drowned and overlain by organic-rich calcareous mudstone that draped across rift structures at the onset of the early post-rift. The first extrabasinal siliciclastic influx led to progradation of an early post-rift intraslope lobe complex into the graben, which is associated with kilometre-scale clastic injectites. The depositional architecture, facies distribution and pinch-out style of intraslope lobes record the effects of an inherited compaction hinge, which acted as an oblique counterslope to sediment gravity flows. The occurrence of combinedflow bedforms, widespread erosion, and limited facies segregation across lobes bearing different hybrid event bed types, is in sharp contrast to sedimentological characteristics of existing intraslope lobe models. Documentation of the syn-rift to post-rift transition stratigraphy permitted identification of changes in thickness and facies resulting from the passive infill of inherited topography with early post-rift differential compaction. This architecture contrasts markedly with those developed during syn-rift normal faulting. Furthermore, the influence of local inherited topography on the development of early post-rift lobes is key to improve subsurface prediction of sandstone distribution and quality during assessment of hydrocarbon reservoirs and carbon storage sites.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: F4amentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evolution from syn‐rift carbonates to early post‐rift deep‐marine intraslope lobes: The role of rift basin physiography on sedimentation patterns

et al. 2021

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“…F1 is interpreted as hemipelagic and sediment gravity-flow deposits (Fig. 5A; Schieber et al, 2007;Talling et al, 2012;Birgenheier and Moore, 2018). The compositional mixing of this lithofacies suggests a carbonatedominated environment with minor influx of aeolian quartz.…”

Section: Interpretationsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Progradational slope architecture and sediment distribution in outcrops of the mixed carbonate-siliciclastic Bone Spring Formation, Permian Basin, west Texas

et al. 2021

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Sediment transport and distribution are the keys to understanding slope-building processes in mixed carbonate-siliciclastic sediment routing systems. The Permian Bone Spring Formation, Delaware Basin, west Texas, is such a mixed system and has been extensively studied in its distal (basinal) extent but is poorly constrained in its proximal upper-slope segment. Here, we define the stratigraphic architecture of proximal outcrops in Guadalupe Mountains National Park in order to delineate the shelf-slope dynamics of carbonate and siliciclastic sediment distribution and delivery to the basin. Upper-slope deposits are predominantly fine-grained carbonate lithologies, interbedded at various scales with terrigenous (i.e., siliciclastic and clay) hemipelagic and gravity-flow deposits. We identify ten slope-building clinothems varying from terrigenous-rich to carbonate-rich and truncated by slope detachment surfaces that record large-scale mass wasting of the shelf margin. X-ray fluorescence (XRF) data indicate that slope detachment surfaces contain elevated proportions of terrigenous sediment, suggesting that failure is triggered by changes in accommodation or sediment supply at the shelf margin. A well-exposed terrigenous-rich clinothem, identified here as the 1st Bone Spring Sand, provides evidence that carbonate and terrigenous sediments were deposited contemporaneously, suggesting that both autogenic and allogenic processes influenced sediment accumulation. The mixing of lithologies at multiple scales and the prevalence of mass wasting acted as primary controls on the stacking patterns of terrigenous and carbonate lithologies of the Bone Spring Formation, not only on the shelf margin and upper slope, but also in the distal, basinal deposits of the Delaware Basin.

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The origin of planar lamination in fine‐grained sediment deposited by subaqueous sediment gravity flows

Al‐Mufti,

Arnott

2023

The Depositional Record

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Planar lamination is a ubiquitous component of modern and ancient fine‐grained sediments deposited by subaqueous sediment gravity flows. These sediments commonly exhibit alternating sub‐millimetre‐thick, sharply bounded silt‐rich and clay‐rich layers that change little in thickness or sediment texture over lateral distances that range up to at least several tens of metres. Silt‐rich layers are moderately to well‐sorted and a few tens to hundreds of microns to a single silt‐grain thick. In contrast, clay‐rich layers are more poorly sorted, and a few tens to hundreds of microns thick. The thickness and regular alternation of these texturally differentiated interlayers, in addition to the absence of features suggesting transport bypass or deposition by migrating rugged bed forms, suggest alternating physical processes and related modes of deposition in the near‐bed region immediately above the bed. Previous interpretations have focussed on clay flocculation, which is difficult to reconcile with the high fluid shear conditions in the near‐bed region. Here it is suggested that in the millimetre to sub‐millimetre‐thick viscous sublayer at the base of a hydraulically smooth turbulent flow, a combination of high fluid shear and sediment concentration initially leads to shear thinning and enhanced mobility in the lower part of the flow, and for silt to continue settling to the bed forming a well‐sorted silt lamina. As silt settles and clay‐size sediment increases in concentration, hydrodynamic lubrication forces strengthen and reduce mobility of the near‐bed part of the flow. This condition is then perturbed by a bedward‐directed outer flow disturbance that dramatically increases frictional stresses and effective fluid viscosity and ultimately shear jamming that causes gelling and deposition of a poorly sorted clay‐rich layer. This process is then repeated multiple times to build up a deposit composed of alternating silt‐rich and clay‐rich laminae overlain by structureless mud deposited directly from suspension.

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 Carbonate mud deposited below storm wave base: A critical review

Cited by 13 publications

References 13 publications

Evolution from syn‐rift carbonates to early post‐rift deep‐marine intraslope lobes: The role of rift basin physiography on sedimentation patterns

Evolution from syn‐rift carbonates to early post‐rift deep‐marine intraslope lobes: The role of rift basin physiography on sedimentation patterns

Progradational slope architecture and sediment distribution in outcrops of the mixed carbonate-siliciclastic Bone Spring Formation, Permian Basin, west Texas

The origin of planar lamination in fine‐grained sediment deposited by subaqueous sediment gravity flows

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